Comparing the effects of treatment with ammonium molybdate versus ammonium molybdate and phenoxy-2-methyl-2-propionic acid on liver functions in natural copper poisoning of sheep

Mecitoğlu, Zafer; Topal, Onur; Kaçar, Yiğit; Batmaz, Hasan

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.03.010

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several therapies have been used to treat Cu-loaded or intoxicated animals, including different chelating agents [18] and molybdate therapies [19,20]. In areas where there is a high risk of CCP, Cu loading is mainly prevented by modifying dietary concentrations of Cu antagonists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep

Minervino

López‐Alonso

Júnior

et al. 2018

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simple SummarySheep are susceptible to copper toxicosis, a deadly disease that usually occurs when the animals ingest large amounts of this mineral. Considering that the susceptibility of sheep to copper accumulation varies widely among breeds and from animal to animal., we evaluate whether Zn supplementation could be an option as a preventive measure to protect against hepatic Cu accumulation in sheep. Zn at 300 mg/kg dry matter (DM) is useful for preventing excessive hepatic Cu accumulation. Hepatic Cu accumulation is lower in animals receiving the Zn supplementation.AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether zinc (Zn) supplementation protects against hepatic copper (Cu) accumulation in copper-loaded sheep. Forty cross-bred lambs were assigned to five experimental groups. These included the control group (C) and four treatment groups that received Cu and/or Zn supplementation (dry matter (DM) basis) over 14 weeks, as follows: Cu (450 mg Cu/kg); Zn-35 (450 mg Cu + 35 mg Zn/kg); Zn-150 (450 mg Cu + 150 mg Zn/kg); and Zn-300 (450 mg Cu + 300 mg Zn/kg). Blood, liver, and bile samples were obtained for mineral determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The hepatic metallothionein (MT) concentrations were also determined. At the end of the experiment, hepatic Cu concentrations were higher in all Cu-supplemented groups than in C. Hepatic Cu accumulation was lower in the groups receiving the Zn supplementation than in the Cu group, although the difference was only statistically significant (66%) in the Zn-300 group. The MT concentrations tended to be higher (almost two-fold) in the Zn groups (but were not dose related) than in the C and Cu groups, and they were related to hepatic Zn concentrations. Zn supplementation at 300 mg/kg DM is useful for preventing excessive hepatic Cu accumulation in sheep exposed to high dietary concentrations of Cu.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep

Minervino

López‐Alonso

Júnior

et al. 2018

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cu intoxication is a global problem and concerns several sheep-rearing countries, such as Scandinavian countries, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, USA and South Africa [ 6 , 11 , 31 , 33 ]. In addition, several outbreaks and cases have been described in other countries such as Spain [ 17 ], Brazil [ 15 , 31 , 34 ], Greece [ 35 , 36 ], Iran [ 37 ] and Turkey [ 38 , 39 ]. With respect to the production system, CCP is more frequent in intensive indoor conditions, housed lambs or milk sheep fed with large amounts of concentrates [ 12 , 30 , 35 ], and rarely occurs in grazing sheep under natural conditions, except in susceptible breeds or when pastures are contaminated with Cu or have very low levels of Mo [ 12 ].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated before, the main symptoms in affected animals are depression, weakness, anorexia, reddish brown to dark brown urine reflecting haemoglobinuria ( Figure 1 A), icterus, excessive thirst and teeth grinding, and a very high proportion of them die in 24–48 h [ 5 , 10 ]. As the sheep are prone to Cu poisoning, the disease must be kept in mind in sheep flocks with these clinical signs and other diseases such as babesiosis, leptospirosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, bacillary haemoglobinuria, Clostridium perfringens type A infection, poisoning by rape plant, kale, onion etc., that cause manifestations of haemolysis, must be considered in the differential diagnosis [ 10 , 36 , 39 , 62 ]. In the case of Cu toxicosis, the clinical disease often coincides with a period of stress on the animal (transportation, shearing, pregnancy, lactation, weather changes…), as any stressful condition predisposes to the release of Cu from hepatic stores [ 10 , 16 , 43 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochemical analysis reveals significant increases in plasma bilirubin due to the haemolytic crisis, and also in liver-specific enzymes as a consequence of Cu hepatotoxicity [ 10 , 16 , 30 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 65 ]. A marked increase in serum hepatic enzymes from the damaged liver, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), occurs immediately prior the onset of the haemolytic crisis [ 10 , 13 , 30 , 49 , 69 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, increased serum GGT and AST activity in sheep receiving a high Cu supply was measured from the eleventh week, and was demonstrated to be influenced by Cu supplementation [ 51 ]. However, although AST and GGT can be used for early diagnosis of Cu poisoning, other studies have concluded that these enzymes could not be used for the prediction of mortality [ 39 , 72 ]. Notwithstanding the utility of these enzymatic tests, it should always be noted that they are not specific to Cu toxicity, and liver damage can be due to other conditions such as the presence of parasites.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Copper Poisoning, a Deadly Hazard for Sheep

Borobia

Villanueva‐Saz

Ruíz

et al. 2022

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Copper (Cu) is an essential microelement for animals. However, sheep are particularly susceptible to Cu intoxication, a deadly disease reported worldwide. The risk of developing this poisoning is higher in vulnerable breeds and in intensively managed lambs or milk sheep. Two types of Cu intoxication can occur depending on the chronic or acute exposure to Cu. In chronic Cu poisoning (CCP), the most common form, Cu is accumulated in the liver during a subclinical period. A low intake of Cu antagonists (molybdenum, sulphur, iron, or zinc) favours Cu accumulation. The sudden release of Cu into the blood causes acute haemolysis with anaemia, haemoglobinuria, jaundice and death within 1–2 days. Acute Cu poisoning is related to the accidental administration or ingestion of toxic amounts of Cu. Acute oral exposure to Cu causes severe gastroenteritis, shock and death. Collapse and death occur shortly after parenteral administration. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical, gross pathological, histological and toxicological findings. Treatment of sheep with severe clinical signs often has poor success but is very effective during the Cu accumulation phase. Different therapies, based on either chelating agents or Cu antagonists, have been used to treat and prevent CCP.

show abstract

Comparing the effect of ammonium molybdate versus ammonium molybdate and menbutone on hepatic functions of sheep with subclinical copper poisoning

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using menbutone in addition to ammonium molybdate on liver enzymes in sheep naturally poisoned with copper. Merino lambs (n = 30), naturally poisoned with copper and which also had high liver enzyme levels, were divided into two groups, each with 15 lambs. The AM + MEN group received ammonium molybdate and menbutone and the AM group received only ammonium molybdate solution. Both groups received 1.7% ammonium molybdate solution (1 mL per 10 kg body weight [BW]) subcutaneously on 0, 2nd and 4th days of the study. Menbutone (Genabil®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW on days 0 and 2, in addition to ammonium molybdate in the AM + MEN group. Blood samples were collected on days 0 and 7, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and creatinine levels were evaluated. Over 7 days, AST levels decreased from 351.04 AE 63.50 IU/L to 286.40 AE 55.68 IU/L in the AM group (P > 0.05) and from 425.00 AE 119.25 IU/L to 240.83 AE 29.62 IU/L in the AM + MEN group (P ≤ 0.05). GGT levels decreased from 121.16 AE 15.88 IU/L to 110.39 AE 10.13 IU/L in the AM group (P > 0.05) and 124.52 AE 15.50 to 98.60 AE 9.08 IU/L in the AM + MEN group (P ≤ 0.05). Based on these findings, the use of menbutone, in addition to ammonium molybdate, has significantly reduced the level of liver enzymes.

show abstract

Comparing the effects of treatment with ammonium molybdate versus ammonium molybdate and phenoxy-2-methyl-2-propionic acid on liver functions in natural copper poisoning of sheep

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Dietary Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep

Dietary Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep

Copper Poisoning, a Deadly Hazard for Sheep

Comparing the effect of ammonium molybdate versus ammonium molybdate and menbutone on hepatic functions of sheep with subclinical copper poisoning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About