No abstract

Serum immunoglobulin (IgG) and semiquantitative tests are used for the evaluation of passive transfer immunity (PTI) in calves. We aimed to evaluate PTI in calves by using a Brix refractometer, total protein (TP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) on days 1, 3, and 7 after birth; to compare the results with serum IgG; and to evaluate which day these tests are given on will give the best results. The blood samples were collected from 60 Holstein dairy calves on day 0, just after birth, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after birth. The serum IgG concentration was measured by ELISA, the Brix % and TP concentrations with refractometers, and GGT activity using a dry chemistry system. The duration of the GCT was determined in the first 60 min. The IgG, TP concentration, and Brix % all peaked on the 3rd day of the study. GGT showed a significant decline after 24 h. Evaluating the Brix %, IgG, TP, and GCT levels more than 24 h after birth gives better results. However, GGT activity was observed as an early indicator of failure of passive transfer, as the GGT levels were highest 24 h after birth.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the serum levels of adiponectin and TNF-α, as well as insulin sensitivity, and to elucidate the possible relationship among the parameters and negative energy balance during the periparturient period of dairy cows. Material and Methods: Thirty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each cow seven days before the expected calving date, on the calving day, and 7, 14, and 21 days after calving. Blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and TNF-α levels were measured. Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (rQUICKI) was calculated using data on NEFA, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Results: When compared to prepartum levels, serum concentration of adiponectin significantly increased on day 21 postpartum. The rQUICKI increased and NEFA levels decreased on day 7 after parturition. Insulin and glucose levels decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum when compared with prepartum levels. BHBA levels decreased on day 21 and TNF-α concentration also decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum. Adiponectin levels positively correlated with NEFA during the preparturient period. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin and rQUICKI on calving day and on 14 th day after parturition. TNF-α concentration positively correlated with glucose levels on day 7 prepartum and on 21 st day postpartum and with rQUICKI on 21 st day postpartum. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin level and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, we concluded that adiponectin could possibly increase insulin sensitivity when blood NEFA concentrations are elevated.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer (PT) status of goat kids by Brix refractometry and compare the results with other semiquantitative tests (total protein-TP, glutaraldehyde coagulation test-GCT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase-GGT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The study was conducted on 75 goat kids born from 47 Saanen goats. The blood samples were collected from the kids on day 0 (presuckling) and on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after birth. The Brix% and TP concentrations were measured with refractometers, and GGT activity was measured using a dry chemistry system. The duration of the GCT was determined in the first 60 min. The serum IgG concentration was measured by goat IgG ELISA kit. On the 1st and 2nd days, serum Brix% in the kids was measured as 9.33 ± 0.17% and 9.17 ± 0.14%, respectively. In the 1st and 2nd day serum samples of the kids, IgG was 817.76 ± 37.34 mg/dL and 1173.29 ± 47.81 mg/dL, respectively, and GGT was 1298.07 ± 133.29 IU/L and 692.26 ± 79.86 IU/L, respectively. The Brix refractometer was found to be more sensitive for detection of PT status in kids on the first and second days after birth, such as TP and GCT, whereas GGT, as an early indicator of PT, was useful only on the first day after birth. We conclude that the Brix refractometer could be used to determine the PT status in goat kids and Brix measurements lower than 8.6%, 9.2%, and 9.3% indicate failure of PT in 1-, 2-, and 3-day-old kids, respectively.

Sixty multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows made up the study sample. Group M (n = 20) received 300 mg/day monensin (Kexxtone, Elanco) for 21 days prior to the expected calving date. Group PGC (n = 20) received propylene glycol, mixed with concentrate and fed separately from total mixed ration (TMR) twice a day in the last 21 days of gestation. The control group, Group C (n = 20) did not receive any treatment prior to parturition. Cows in all three groups received PG (300 mL/day) for 5 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected 21 and 7 days prior to the expected calving date, as well as 7 and 14 days after parturition. NEFA and BHBA levels did not differ between the treatment groups. However, milk yield of Group M was significantly higher than that of Group C during weeks 3, 4, and 5 of lactation. Although NEFA and BHBA levels were similar in both treatment groups, higher milk yield in monensin-treated cows could be related to an increase in glycogenic precursors resulting from favorable effects of monensin on ruminal bacterial flora.

Ausbruch von malignem Ödem bei Schafen nach Vakzination mit einem multivalenten Clostridien-ToxoidimpfstoffTierärztl Prax 2010; 38 (G): 165-167

Özet: Sunulan derlemede, sığırlarda akut solunum stresi ve asfeksiye neden olan NO 2, H 2 S, 4-Ipomeanol, Organik Fosforlu İnsektisitler, Karbamatlar, Nitrit, Nitrat, Siyanür ve Arsenik gibi zehirlenmelerin etiyolojileri, klinik ve başlıca patolojik bulguları ile tedavileri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sığır zehirlenmesi, solunum güçlüğü, asfeksi. Important Toxications of Cattle Causing Respiratory Distress and AsphexiaAbstract: Presented review, summarizes the ethiological factors, clinical and pathological findings and treatment options of some of the important toxications characterised with acute respiratory distress and asphexia in cattle such as NO 2, H 2 S, 4-Ipomeanol, Organic Phosphorus Pesticides, Carbamates, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ciyanide and Arsenic. Key Words: Cattle poisining, respiratoric distress, asphexia. Nitrojen Dioksit (NO 2 ) ZehirlenmesiNitrojen dioksit rahatsız edici keskin kokusu olan kahverengimsi bir gazdır. Özellikle mısır silajı yüksek oranda nitrojen dioksit üretir ve silaj kapatıldıktan sonraki ilk 48 saat içeri-sinde çok yoğun oranda nitrojen dioksit meydana gelir ve 2-3 hafta bu tehlike devam eder 8 . .Nitrojen dioksit solunum yolu epitelyumlarında nitrous asit, nitrit okside, nitrat ve nitrite dönü-şür. Bu oluşumlar tip-1 pnomösitlere ve silialarda toksik etki yaparak onların fonksiyonlarını bozarlar. Nitrit oksit hücresel yıkımlanmaya yol açar ve ayrıca lokal immuniteyi ve makrofaj aktivitesini deprese eder, hemoglobine bağlana-rak ilk 30 dakika içerisinde methemoglobinemi oluşmasına neden olarak hipoksiye katkı sağ-lar 26 . Klinik BulgularEtkilenen hayvanlarda taşipne, dispne, taşikardi, beden ısısında artış, iştah ve süt veriminde azalma ve abdominal sancı belirtileri meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca ağızda köpüklü salivasyon, boyun önde hırıltılı solunum ve bazı hayvanlarda deri altı anfizem oluşmaktadır. Nitrojen dioksitin mukozalarda yarattığı irritasyona bağlı olarak konjektivitis meydana gelmektedir. İlk dönemlerde methemoglobin oluşumuna bağlı olarak hipokside artış ve mukozalarda siyanöz meydana gelmektedir. Kronik toksikasyonlarda kronik obsturiktif akciğer hastalığı ve enfektif pnomöniler oluşumları görü-lür 8 .

Winter dysentery (WD) is a very contagious disease of cattle characterized by profuse diarrhea. The precise etiology of disease is still not fully elucidated. Aim of the presented study was investigation of the causative agents of disease in a herd affected by WD and to evaluate routine haematological and biochemical parameters of cows with WD. This study was carried out on blood and fecal samples collected from 12 cows showing typical signs of disease during an outbreak of WD in Bursa, Turkey. Samples were analysed for the presence of bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Eimeria oocysts and Campylobacter spp. using ELISA, RT-PCR, flotation technique and culture. Faecal samples were inoculated in HRT cell cultures for virus isolation. Isolated viruses were identified as coronaviruses from 25% of the samples by ELISA, PCR and serum neutralisation tests. Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 33.3% cows with dysentery. BVD and Eimeria oocysts were not detected in any of the samples. Results of the presented study indicates that BcoV along with Compylobacter spp. may be the primary agent of WD in cows. However negative results for BCoV and Campylobacter spp of 58 % of feacal samples indicates that etiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated and pathogens other than BCoV and Campylobacter could also be involved in pathogenesis of the disease