The objective this study was to determine the effect of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
on survival, growth and gene expression in caprine secondary follicles cultured
in vitro. Secondary follicles (∼0.2 mm) were isolated from
the cortex of caprine ovaries and cultured individually for 6 days in
α-MEM+ supplemented with PHA (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 µg/mL).
After 6 days of culture, follicle diameter and survival, antrum formation,
ultrastructure and expression of mRNA for FSH receptors (FSH-R), proliferating
cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were determined.
All treatments maintained follicular survival [α-MEM+ (94.59%);
1 µg/mL PHA (96.43%); 10 µg/mL PHA (84.85%); 50 µg/mL PHA (85.29%); 100 µg/mL
PHA (88.57%), and 200 µg/mL PHA (87.50)], but the presence of 10 µg/mL PHA in
the culture medium increased the antrum formation rate (21.21%) when compared
with control (5.41%, P < 0.05) and ensured the maintenance of oocyte and
granulosa cell ultrastructures after 6 days of culture. The expression of mRNA
for FSH-R (2.7 ± 0.1) and PCNA (4.4 ± 0.2) was also significantly increased in
follicles cultured with 10 µg/mL PHA in relation to those cultured in
α-MEM+ (1.0 ± 0.1). In conclusion, supplementation of culture
medium with 10 µg/mL PHA maintains the follicular viability and ultrastructure,
and promotes the formation of antral cavity after 6 days of culture in
vitro.