Comparative Studies Upon the Morphology and Distribution of the Brachial Plexus

ABSTRACT. Basic studies were carried out to apply frozen allogeneic nerve grafts in dogs after wide-ranging defects of the brachial plexus due to surgical resection of tumor. In this study, morphological variations in branching patterns of the brachial plexus were examined in ten beagle dogs, to evaluate whether the brachial plexus might represent a useful source of allogeneic nerve grafts. Spatial relationships between the axillary lymph node, which had the possibility of carcinomatous metastasis, and the musculocutaneous (MC) nerve, which was important for the function of the forelimbs, were also investigated. In all ten cases examined, the brachial plexus received ventral roots from the fifth cervical nerve to the first thoracic nerve. No significant variation in the branching pattern was found in any nerve except the phrenic, MC and dorsal thoracic nerves. Four communicating branches were observed and had some morphological variations which might be negligible for nerve grafting. Considering previous physiological and anatomical reports, the most important nerve to be reunited in graft operations for functional recovery is the radial nerve. The MC nerve and median or ulnar nerve sh ould also be considered as possibilities for reuniting. Distances between the axillary lymph nodes and the MC nerve ranged from 11.2 mm to 21 mm (mean ± SD: 16.1 ± 2.3 mm). In conclusion, it was suggested that morphological variations in the brachial plexus were technically acceptable to apply allogeneic nerve grafts at least in beagle dogs. KEY WORDS: axillary lymph node, beagle dog, brachial plexus, branching pattern, variation.

show abstract

“…These results coincide with the pattern of the MC, Md, Rd and Ul reported in previous studies on the brachial plexus of dogs [1,10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Morphological Variations in Brachial Plexus of Beagle Dogs: Evaluation of Utility as Sources of Allogeneic Nerve Grafts

Nakamura

Tomizawa

Tohyama

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 The variations in the formation, branching pattern and relation of the brachial plexus with major blood vessels of axilla and arm are common and have been reported by several investigators. 13,10,[14][15][16][17][18] These variations as noted in the present study can be explained on the basis of embryogenic development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Variation in brachial plexus formation, branching pattern and relation with major vessels

Khan

Kafle²,

Yadav³

et al. 2014

Int J Res Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…She says that the upper two roots furnish very little to the terminal nerves of the plexus. Miller (1934) further states that this type of plexus accompanies shoulder muscles that have undergone various adaptive changes coincidental with the lack of a clavicle. Allam et al (1952) found it convenient to designate three cords, superior, middle, and inferior.…”

Section: Wenger (1951) Transplanted Different Segments Of Chick Spinamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…He agreed with Lehmann, in deter mining that segmentation in the "nervous system is dependent upon the mesodermal somites. Miller and Detwiler (1936) demonstrated that the nerves which make up the brachial plexus correspond segmentally to the somites beneath which the embryonic forelimb bud lies. Barron (1946) states that the neuroblasts that form the lateral column of the spinal cord appear to be derived from two sources: the medullary epithelium and from the mantle layer.…”

Section: Il Review Of Literature a Macroscopic Anatomy Of The Brachimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the review of literature will include the anatomy of the brachial nerves only as far distally as the elbow joint. O According to Miller (1934) real trunk or cord formation cannot be distinguished in the dog. She states that the roots break up into anterior and posterior divisions shortly after they emerge from the intervertebral foramina.…”

Section: Wenger (1951) Transplanted Different Segments Of Chick Spinamentioning

Comparative Studies Upon the Morphology and Distribution of the Brachial Plexus

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological Variations in Brachial Plexus of Beagle Dogs: Evaluation of Utility as Sources of Allogeneic Nerve Grafts

Morphological Variations in Brachial Plexus of Beagle Dogs: Evaluation of Utility as Sources of Allogeneic Nerve Grafts

Variation in brachial plexus formation, branching pattern and relation with major vessels

Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus of the dog

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About