Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus of the dog

Bowne, John Gilbert

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-4027

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The brachial plexus in the puma was formed by ventral interconnections from the last three cervical nerve segments and the first thoracic nerve, which is similar to that in domestic mammals as the dog (Skelding et al, 2018) and the cat (Aubert et al, 2004;Dellmann & McClure;2001;Nur et al, 2020;Reighard & Jennings, 1902), and another wild felid as the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and the Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi) (Chagas et al, 2014;Souza Junior et al, 2018). Nevertheless, the second thoracic ventral branch also contributes to the brachial plexus in some dogs and cats (Bowne, 1959;Ghoshal & Magilton, 1972;Hudson, 2017;Mencalha et al, 2014). The animal species in which four ventral spinal segments contribute to the brachial plexus is related to the lack of the clavicle and its adaptive modifications of the shoulder muscles that reduces their movements (Allam et al, 1952).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Anatomical description of the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus to the antebrachium in one puma (Puma concolor) (Linnaeus, 1771)

Barreto‐Mejía

Ceballos

Tamayo-Arango

2021

Anat Histol Embryol

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The knowledge of the anatomy of the brachial plexus in animals is of great importance due to its applicability in clinical, diagnostic and surgical procedures. The objective of the present study was to describe the anatomy of the brachial plexus in the puma. The results demonstrate a broad anatomical similarity with other felines; however, some differences were found. The formation of the brachial plexus in the puma occurred from the ventral interconnections of the last three cervical nerve segments and the first thoracic (C6, C7, C8 and T1). The N. suprascapularis emerges from C6, innervating the M. supraspinatus, the M. infraspinatus, and also the M. cleidobrachialis, the latter by a smaller branch. We found an independent branch emerging from C6 that innervates the M. serratus ventralis cervicis, not reported in other species. The innervation territory of the N. axillary includes the M. cleidobrachialis. The M. teres major was not innervated by the axillary nerve, but by an entirely independent branch that came from C6 and C7, and that also innervated the most caudal part of the M. subscapularis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Anatomical description of the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus to the antebrachium in one puma (Puma concolor) (Linnaeus, 1771)

Barreto‐Mejía

Ceballos

Tamayo-Arango

2021

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…A reasonable estimate of the lesion distribution can be made from the clinical examination. An experimental approach to this problem was made by Bowne (1959) who sectioned various ventral branches contributing to the plexus and various fore limb nerves. One interesting finding was that identical ventral branch neurectomies in different dogs did not necessarily produce identical clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fox also mentions the contra-lateral response seen in these cases. The panniculus carnosus muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic nerve which receives its fibres from C8 and T1 (Bowne, 1959). The presence or absence of the panniculus reflex therefore, gives information on the state of the caudal part of the plexus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avulsion of the brachial plexus—2. Clinical aspects

Griffiths

Duncan

Lawson

1974

J of Small Animal Practice

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The clinical findings in a series of eighteen dogs with brachial plexus avulsion are presented. It is suggested that both motor and sensory loss reflects damage in nerve roots and ventral branches, rather than the peripheral nerves. Ipsilateral loss of the panniculus reflex with a consensual response was a common finding. Fifty‐five per cent of the dogs also showed sympathetic dysfunction with an ipsilateral myosis. Further methods for investigating these cases are also discussed. Résumé. Sont présentées les observations cliniques sur une série de 18 chiens attents d'avulsion du plexus brachial. Il est suggéré que les pertes moteur comme sensorielles proviennent de dommages causés aux racines nerveuses et aux branches ventrales, plutôt qu'aux nerfs péri‐phériques. La perte du réflexe pannicule avec réponse consensuelle fut communément observée. Chez 55% des chiens il existait aussi une dysfonction sympathique avec myosis ipsilatéral. Autres méthodes d'investigation de ces cas sont également discutées. Zusammenfassung. Die klinischen Befunde einer Serie von achtzehn Hunden mit Ausreissung des Plexus brachialis sind wiederlegt. Es ist vorgeschlagen, dass der Bewegungs‐ und Empfin‐dungs‐ Verlust eine Beschädigung der Nervenwurzeln und ventralen Nervenästen, nicht der peripheralen Nerven, reflektiert. Selbseitiger Verlust des Pannicules Reflexes, mit gleichsinniger Respondierung, wurde allgemein erwiesen. An 55% der Hunde konnte sympathetische Dysfunktion, mit selbseitiger Myose, beobachtet werden. Weitere Untersuchungsmethoden dieser Fälle, sind ebenfalls ausgeführt.

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“…A number of descriptions of nerve injury in the forelimb of the small animal patient have been recorded (Bowne, 1959(Bowne, , 1960Dahme & Kaiser, 1972;Griffiths, 1974;Griffiths, Duncan & Lawson, 1974;Knecht & St Clair, 1969;Pezzoli, 1958;Sterner & hloller, 1960) but very little has previously been reported of such conditions in the hindlimb. Dogs and cats with hindlimb traumatic neuropathy are not infrequently presented and principally the sciatic and peroneal nerves are involved (Bennett & Vaughan, 1976a;Hoerlein, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%