Comparative Sexuality in Agaricus Species

Elliott, Tim

doi:10.1099/00221287-107-1-113

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Compatibility group II isolates often exhibited a barrage in incompatible pairings. Similar incompatibility interactions have been described for other Agaricus species (1,17,37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Cultures were incubated at 25°C for mycelial growth and basidiospore germination. Single-spore isolates were obtained by either dilution on CYM (39) or micromanipulation of basidiospores from gill surfaces (17). Spore germination was stimulated in the presence of A. bisporus mycelia (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pairs of mating type testers were established through intrastock crosses and used for interstock compatibility analysis. Pairings between single-spore isolates were performed as previously described (17,42), but with CE/CYM agar. Junction zone interactions were initially classified into one of three morphological types (56): (i) positive, with vigorous, highly dense, fluffy mycelia; (ii) cryptic, with distinct but less dense mycelia; and (iii) negative, with no visible interaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With other collections, successful pairings could not be established (1,17,43), and occasional fruiting of single-spore isolates was described (17,50). It was hypothesized that the partial fruiting response of single-spore progeny could represent homokaryotic fruiting of a heterothallic species (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, authors have described heterothallic behavior with matings between single-spore isolates (17,18,43,50) and fruiting of heterokaryons in compost culture (19,50). With other collections, successful pairings could not be established (1,17,43), and occasional fruiting of single-spore isolates was described (17,50). It was hypothesized that the partial fruiting response of single-spore progeny could represent homokaryotic fruiting of a heterothallic species (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexuality and Genetic Identity in the Agaricus Section Arvenses

Calvo-Bado¹,

Noble²,

Challen³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Twelve wild collections and one commercial strain were used to characterize breeding systems and to develop molecular identities in the Arvenses section of the genus Agaricus, which includes the "horse mushroom" A. arvensis. Two morphotypes were identified based on macro-and micromorphological features. However, not all collections could be delimited by conventional taxonomic characters. Sequencing of the small subunit intergenic spacer (ITS) region (368 to 370 bp) of the rRNA genes clearly resolved the 13 collections into two clusters consistent with the identified morphotypes. Single-spore progenies and mating type testers were established and used to test intra-and interstock compatibility. The two compatibility groups identified were consistent with ITS clusters. Compatibility group I stocks readily interbred within the constraints of a unifactorial heterothallic system with a multiallelic mating type factor. Compatibility group II had a more restricted breeding pattern, and interactions were difficult to predict on the basis of mating type. Morphological data, ITS sequences, and the ability to interbreed suggest that these collections are part of a complex of interrelated species. Single-spore, homokaryotic isolates from both compatibility groups were able to fruit in compost culture, and two of the collections may represent natural homokaryotic fruiting. We conclude that species from the section Arvenses have versatile unifactorial heterothallic life cycles that permit both interbreeding and homokaryotic fruiting.The genus Agaricus has a worldwide distribution, with up to 90 species recorded in Europe (2, 10) and more than 40 species recorded in the United Kingdom (13). Estimates for the worldwide totals of Agaricus species vary, but are likely to exceed 200. These species, which include the cultivated white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, exhibit a variety of breeding systems. Examples of both homothallic and heterothallic life cycles have been found (7,20). Mushrooms from the Arvenses section of Flavescentes (10) have medium to large white sporophores with a yellowing surface, double pendent annular ring, and an aniseed or almond-like odor (10, 28). The section Arvenses contains 19 defined species within six subgroups: Aestivalis, Arvensis, Augustus, Macrosporus, Spissicaulis, and Sylvicola (10). These morphologically similar species include A. sylvicola (Vitt.) Sacc., the wood mushroom; A. arvensis Schff. ex. Fr., the horse mushroom; A. nivescens (Möll.) Möll.; A. macrocarpus (Möll.) Pilat; and A. essettei Bon. (syn. A. abruptibulbus Peck sensu auct. europ) (10). Several species from the Arvenses section have commercial potential (23,(25)(26)(27). Morphological features used to distinguish taxa within the Arvenses section include sporophore color, the presence of a "cogwheel" structure on the lower surface of the double ring, and a swollen base to the stipe (e.g., A. abrubtibulbus), the size of spores and/or cheilocystidia, and habitat of the specimen (10, 15, 28).Identification within...

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“…Compatibility group II isolates often exhibited a barrage in incompatible pairings. Similar incompatibility interactions have been described for other Agaricus species (1,17,37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%