Comparative proteomic analysis between fifth‐instar nymphs and adults of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri

Abstract

Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is extremely problematic worldwide, particularly where Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, the most serious and devastating of citrus diseases, is found. The threat is a result of its ability to transmit the causal agent of HLB, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) bacterium. Improvements in proteomics, mass spectrometry, bioinformatics tools and gene ontology annotation facilitate the mapping and large‐scale identification and quantification of proteins. To date, only a few comparative proteomic studies report the developmental proteomic changes of hemimetabolous and plant–disease vector insects. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of D. citri total protein is able to detect qualitative and quantitative developmental differences. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry identifies 89 protein spots. Most proteins are metabolism and bioenergetics‐related. Nineteen protein spots are found to be implicated in stress/defence/immunity; 7 in development regulation; 9 in nervous system functions; 4 in the reproductive system; 23 in cytoskeleton and muscle organization; and 4 in movement, flight and other processes. Significant increases in the level of proteins related to structural constitution of the skeleton, stress/defence/immunity, reproduction system, muscles, locomotion and flight are found in adults, consistent with the fact that D. citri is a hemimetabolous insect, whereas proteins involved in developmental regulation are higher in the nymphal stage. The identification of these variably expressed proteins between the nymph and adult stages, linked with the basis of their physiological roles, will lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing development in D. citri and the regulation of some crucial metabolic pathways. It may also help to identify targets for genetic manipulation using RNA interference or other techniques to disrupt Asian citrus psyllid development, lifespan or its ability to transmit CLas.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Larva and Adult Heads of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

“…Of these, three characterized enzymes are as follows: Enolase, cytochrome P450 and glycerol phosphodiesterase and the other two are uncharacterized enzymes. Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme (spot 10), involved in the regulation and control of transcription, apoptosis and cell differentiation 53 and feeding activity of the larva 54,55 . The cytochrome P450 enzyme (Spot 8)…”

Metabolomics Profiling and AKR Characterization During Paurometabolous Development of Corythucha ciliata (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

“…It can be converted into glycerol 3-phosphate by phosphorylation and metabolized to D-glyceraldehyde by AKR undergoing re-esterification to form triacylglycerols (Hyndman et al 2003, Hagopian et al 2008). In the adult stage, insects consume more energy during the metabolic processes required for movement, flight, and reproduction (El-Shesheny et al 2016).…”

Functional Characterization of a Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase in Diaphorina citri Revealed by RNA Interference and Transcriptome Sequencing

“…Diaphorina citri is a phloem sap-sucking insect which feeds on citrus and is distributed worldwide [16]. D. citri nymphs and adults feed on phloem sap of rutaceous plants, consequently cause leaf distortion, curling and yellowing [17]. Furthermore, because the phloem sap is rich in various sugars, D. citri excretes large amounts of honeydew causing citrus fuliginous disease [18].…”