Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy With an LED and a Laser on the Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts on the Root Surface: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of root biomodification by citric acid and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with LED and laser on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 60 single-rooted teeth extracted due to periodontal disease. The teeth underwent scaling and root planing (SRP), and then 5 × 5 mm blocks were prepared from the cervical area of the teeth 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The blocks were divided into 4 groups (n=15 blocks): SRP alone (control), SRP + citric acid, SRP + toluidine blue (TBO) + LED light, and SRP + TBO + laser. HGFs were seeded on the surface of the samples, and the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Group comparisons were performed using repeated measures ANOVA, while pairwise comparisons of the time points were performed by an LSD test. Results: Cell proliferation was higher in all experimental groups at 48 and 72 hours, compared with 24 hours (P<0.05). Cell proliferation was significantly different in the citric acid group at 24 hours (P=0.016) and 48 hours (P=0.015), compared with other groups. However, cell proliferation was not significantly different in the aPDT group with LED Photosan and a diode laser at 24 and 48 hours (P>0.05). Conclusion: aPDT and citric acid can enhance the proliferation of HGFs on dentin blocks. Further studies can pave the way for their future use in the clinical setting.

Pain Assessment and Need for Analgesics after Scaling and Root Planing in Patients with Stage II and Stage III Periodontitis

“…The optimum pain perception of patients could be attained after active periodontal treatment. Additionally, other therapies such as ozone [ 35 ], laser photodynamic therapy [ 36 ], and regenerative materials [ 37 ] could have a significant influence on the oral environment. These therapies could modify clinical and microbiological parameters in periodontal patients and could have an effect on pain assessment in combination with SRP therapy.…”

A Comparative Study on Alvogyl and a Mixture of Black Seed Oil and Powder for Alveolar Osteitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

“…Other therapies can have a significant influence on the oral environment. The use of ozone and laser photodynamic therapies can modify clinical and microbiological parameters in periodontal patients, and they could also have an effect in the response to the technique described in the present report [ 36 , 37 ]. As in our study, it was found that a mixture of black seeds oil and powder can be effectively used as an alternative to Alvogyl in patients suffering from dry socket.…”

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with erythrosine and blue light on dental biofilm bacteria: study protocol for randomised clinical trial

“…aPDT involves photoexcitation, which occurs when a photosensitiser (PS) dye is illuminated by a light of a matched wavelength, resulting in its activation and stimulation of a phototoxic response in the presence of ambient oxygen 4. The main advantages of aPDT over the conventional antimicrobial therapies include the immediate onset of action, elimination of resistant microorganisms, local delivery of the PS and double selectivity (deleterious effect only on sites where both PS and light are delivered concomitantly) 5. The use of aPDT for the decontamination of dental biofilm and periodontal pockets has been assessed in vitro,2 in systematic reviews1 4 and in randomised clinical trials 3 6.…”

“… 4 The main advantages of aPDT over the conventional antimicrobial therapies include the immediate onset of action, elimination of resistant microorganisms, local delivery of the PS and double selectivity (deleterious effect only on sites where both PS and light are delivered concomitantly). 5 The use of aPDT for the decontamination of dental biofilm and periodontal pockets has been assessed in vitro, 2 in systematic reviews 1 4 and in randomised clinical trials. 3 6 Some studies have even addressed the issue of COVID-19 and how aPDT could aid in oral decontamination, including prior to dental procedure, diminishing the risks of cross-infection.…”