Comparative Analysis of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Acute and Chronic Fowl Cholera Cases in Hungary During the Period 2005 Through 2010

Abstract

Fowl cholera (FC) is a highly contagious and economically important disease of poultry worldwide. This study was performed on 218 Pasteurella multocida isolates collected from separated breeding farms or backyards with acute and chronic FC cases in multiple localities across Hungary during the period 2005-2010. All isolates were characterized by a broad range of biochemical, serological, and molecular methods, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility to aminoglycosides (A), macrolides (M), penicillins (P), quinolones (Q), cephalosporins, sulphonamides (S), and tetracyclines (T) was determined. Fifty-two percent of all isolates belonged to a well-defined type that was highly virulent, caused acute FC, and had the same character: fermented L-arabinose, possessed capsule type A, identified as Heddleston serotype 1, and possessed allele type A of the ptfA fimbrial gene. This type was widely distributed among poultry in Hungary, especially in waterfowl flocks. Isolates collected from the chronic FC cases were more diverse: none of them fermented L-arabinose; they possessed capsule type A (76%), F (9%), or was non-typeable (15%) with different Heddleston serotypes, mainly 1, 3, 4, and 5, or 7 and 16; in addition, possessed allele type B of ptfA fimbrial gene. Only 26 isolates presented characters similar to any of the chronic FC cases but caused severe disease. The antibiotic susceptibility assay presented that 80% of all isolates were resistant to 1-5 of the studied antimicrobial agents. During the survey, after two years, there was a dramatic decline both in the number of the multi-drug resistance phenotypes and the prevalence of the highly virulent type of the isolates. In the next four years, multiresistant isolates were almost completely removed, whereas the number of isolates resistant to 1 or 2 drugs was constant. Reduced frequency of antibiotic multiresistant, mostly L-arabinose-fermenting isolates, has been observed since 2007. This reduction may be a consequence of the elimination of multiple waterfowl flocks in Hungary during avian influenza outbreaks, which possibly created a break in the "transmission chain" of pathogenic P. multocida isolates.

First report from Bangladesh on genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pasteurella multocida type B:2 in fowl cholera

“…In addition, inositol fermentation grouped these isolates into two biotypes such as 14 (63.64%) isolates fermented inositol, and denoted as P. multocida biotype 1, and 8 (36.36%) isolates were unable to ferment inositol, and thus denoted as P. multocida biotype 2 (Table-2). These results indicated that P. multocida might possess diverse metabolic potentials despite being identified from the same outbreak of FC, corroborating previous findings [70]. In this study, the RAPD profiling indicated less genetic heterogeneity among the studied P. multocida strains and confirmed two pathotypes of P. multocida among these 22 strains (Table-2, Figure -S2).…”

“…The findings of this study demonstrated ubiquitous presence of VFGs in P. multocida, indicating their high pathogenic potentials to causing FC. The pathogenicity of P. multocida is reported to be associated with various virulence factors and the wide distribution of VAGs is significant for the survival of P. multocida in the host environment [7,9,70]. In addition, the biochemical and molecular findings of the present study corroborated with the previous findings of Omaleki et al [30].…”

“…Moreover, majority of the avian pasteurellosis outbreaks are caused by P. multocida from types A and D [8,15]. However, cross-species transmission of diseases is frequently reported by different serotypes of P. multocida, that is, serogroups A and D. These serotypes are globally distributed and found to cause diseases in a wide range of domestic animals (e.g., from fowl to calves, pigs, sheep, goats, and rabbits) [13,15,70]. Conversely, P. multocida serogroups B and E have been found predominantly in tropic areas where they induce HS in cattle and wild ruminants [13,15,70].…”

Identification of Fur in Pasteurella multocida and the Potential of Its Mutant as an Attenuated Live Vaccine

“…Currently, these bacteria are divided into 5 serotypes (A, B, D, E, and F) based on capsular typing and further classified into 16 serotypes (1–16) according to the type of lipopolysaccharide (LPS); different serotypes exhibit varying degrees of virulence in animals (17). Due to the lack of effective coverage in multi-serotype vaccines, antibiotics remain the most commonly employed treatment for avian cholera despite their correlation to increased drug resistance and food safety risks of contaminating bacteria (18). Furthermore, existing live-attenuated vaccines have been observed to revert to virulent strains (19).…”

Transcriptomic Analysis of Chicken Lungs Infected With Avian and Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serotype A

“…P. multocida causes many animal diseases, such as fowl cholera, swine atrophic rhinitis, rabbit septicemia, and bovine pneumonia ( 2 – 4 ). Fowl cholera, caused by avian P. multocida , is a highly contagious disease of various domestic and wild bird species, resulting in great economic losses worldwide ( 5 ). In the case of peracute or acute infection, the lung lesions dominated by hemorrhages can be characteristic of fowl cholera ( 6 ).…”