Comparative Analysis of Fluorinated Anions for Polypyrrole Linear Actuator Electrolytes

Khuyen, Nguyen Quang; Zondaka, Zane; Harjo, Madis; Torop, Janno; Tamm, Tarmo

doi:10.3390/polym11050849

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The highest conductivity of EDMICF3SO3 was nearly double of that of the lowest electrolyte, i.e., NaClO4. The increase in conductivity in EDMICF3SO3 and LiTFSI after actuation cycles in PC has been reported before [28,29]. The conductivity of PP-IPN in the NaClO4 solution showed different behavior, i.e., a decrease in conductivity after actuation, accompanied by the lowest degree of swelling of the trilayers.…”

Section: Characterization Of Pp-ipn Trilayerssupporting

confidence: 57%

Printed PEDOT:PSS Trilayer: Mechanism Evaluation and Application in Energy Storage

Põldsalu

Rohtlaid²,

Plesse³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Combining ink-jet printing and one of the most stable electroactive materials, PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)), is envisaged to pave the way for the mass production of soft electroactive materials. Despite its being a well-known electroactive material, widespread application of PEDOT:PSS also requires good understanding of its response. However, agreement on the interpretation of the material’s activities, notably regarding actuation, is not unanimous. Our goal in this work is to study the behavior of trilayers with PEDOT:PSS electrodes printed on either side of a semi-interpenetrated polymer network membrane in propylene carbonate solutions of three different electrolytes, and to compare their electroactive, actuation, and energy storage behavior. The balance of apparent faradaic and non-faradaic processes in each case is discussed. The results show that the primarily cation-dominated response of the trilayers in the three electrolytes is actually remarkably different, with some rather uncommon outcomes. The different balance of the apparent charging mechanisms makes it possible to clearly select one electrolyte for potential actuation and another for energy storage application scenarios.

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Section: Characterization Of Pp-ipn Trilayerssupporting

confidence: 57%

Printed PEDOT:PSS Trilayer: Mechanism Evaluation and Application in Energy Storage

Põldsalu

Rohtlaid²,

Plesse³

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…The macro-anions combined with cations are functionalized as neutral units which do not influence the actuation properties of PPy/DBS based composites in organic electrolytes. Previous research [ 14 ] of PPy/DBS showed by applying different electrolytes in propylene carbonate main expansion at oxidation but also small parts of expansion at reduction was discovered. The expansion at reduction in organic electrolyte was found to be the case of PPy films having some incorporated anions at oxidation that stayed immobile inside the PPy films, leading to expansion at reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole with Phosphor Tungsten Acid and Carbide-Derived Carbon: Change of Solvent in Electropolymerization and Linear Actuation

et al. 2021

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Linear actuators based on polypyrrole (PPy) are envisaged to have only one ion that triggers the actuation direction, either at oxidation (anion-driven) or at reduction (cation-driven). PPy doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) is the most common applied conducting polymer having cation-driven actuation in aqueous solvent and mainly anion-driven actuation in an organic electrolyte. It is somehow desired to have an actuator that is independent of the applied solvent in the same actuation direction. In this research we made PPy/DBS with the addition of phosphorus tungsten acid, forming PPyPT films, as well with included carbide derived carbon (CDC) resulting in PPyCDC films. The solvent in electropolymerization was changed from an aqueous ethylene glycol mixture to pure EG forming PPyPT-EG and PPyCDC-EG composites. Our goal in this study was to investigate the linear actuation properties of PPy composites applying sodium perchlorate in aqueous (NaClO4-aq) and propylene carbonate (NaClO4-PC) electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry and square potential steps in combination with electro-chemo-mechanical-deformation (ECMD) measurements of PPy composite films were performed. The PPyPT and PPyCDC had mixed ion-actuation in NaClO4-PC while in NaClO4-aq expansion at reduction (cation-driven) was observed. Those novel PPy composites electropolymerized in EG solvent showed independently which solvent applied mainly expansion at reduction (cation-driven actuator). Chronopotentiometric measurements were performed on all composites, revealing excellent specific capacitance up to 190 F g−1 for PPyCDC-EG (best capacitance retention of 90% after 1000 cycles) and 130 F g−1 for PPyPT-EG in aqueous electrolyte. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

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“…In this recombination process, the radius anions plays a crucial role [ 24 ]. In this study, the PF 6 − anion has radius of 254 pm [ 62 ], which is bigger than other anions such as SCN − (213 pm) [ 63 ], I − (206 pm), or NO 3 − (185 pm) [ 64 ]. These larger ions (PF 6 − ) have a lesser mobility and can be easily associated with the cations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

et al. 2020

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This research paper investigates the electrochemical performance of chitosan (CS): dextran (DX) polymer-blend electrolytes (PBEs), which have been developed successfully with the incorporation of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4PF6). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the plasticized electrolyte system with the highest value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity is the most amorphous system. The glycerol addition increased the amorphous phase and improved the ionic dissociation, which contributed to the enhancement of the fabricated device’s performance. Transference number analysis (TNM) has shown that the charge transport process is mainly by ions rather than electrons, as tion = 0.957. The CS:DX:NH4PF6 system was found to decompose as the voltage goes beyond 1.5 V. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) revealed that the potential window for the most plasticized system is 1.5 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge analysis. The results from CV verify that the EDLC in this work holds the characteristics of a capacitor. The imperative parameters of the fabricated EDLC such as specific capacitance and internal resistance were found to be 102.9 F/g and 30 Ω, respectively. The energy stored and power delivered by the EDLC were 11.6 Wh/kg and 2741.2 W/kg, respectively.

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Comparative Analysis of Fluorinated Anions for Polypyrrole Linear Actuator Electrolytes

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Printed PEDOT:PSS Trilayer: Mechanism Evaluation and Application in Energy Storage

Printed PEDOT:PSS Trilayer: Mechanism Evaluation and Application in Energy Storage

Polypyrrole with Phosphor Tungsten Acid and Carbide-Derived Carbon: Change of Solvent in Electropolymerization and Linear Actuation

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

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