Comparative analysis of circadian clock genes in insects

Sandrelli, Federica; Costa, Rodolfo; Kyriacou, Charalambos P.; Rosato, Ezio

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00832.x

Cited by 120 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(324 reference statements)

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“…Natural variants in per and tim are also known [39] and provide fertile ground for exploring gene function homology in behaviour. In fact, detailed comparisons among a number of different insect orders have already commenced [40]. There is general agreement that the function of per in biological rhythms is conserved across a broad range of species from insects to humans; however, tim's role in the biological clock is not.…”

Section: Case Studies In the Conservation Of Gene Function In Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of gene function in behaviour

Reaume

Sokolowski

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Behaviour genetic research has shown that a given gene or gene pathway can influence categorically similar behaviours in different species. Questions about the conservation of gene function in behaviour are increasingly tractable. This is owing to the surge of DNA and 'omics data, bioinformatic tools, as well as advances in technologies for behavioural phenotyping. Here, we discuss how gene function, as a hierarchical biological phenomenon, can be used to examine behavioural homology across species. The question can be addressed independently using different levels of investigation including the DNA sequence, the gene's position in a genetic pathway, spatial-temporal tissue expression and neural circuitry. Selected examples from the literature are used to illustrate this point. We will also discuss how qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the behavioural phenotype, its function and the importance of environmental and social context should be used in cross-species comparisons. We conclude that (i) there are homologous behaviours, (ii) they are hard to define and (iii) neurogenetics and genomics investigations should help in this endeavour.

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Section: Case Studies In the Conservation Of Gene Function In Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of gene function in behaviour

Reaume

Sokolowski

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…In a second feedback loop, CLK-CYC dimers regulate expression of Vrille (VRI). An activational factor (Act) initiates constitutively the expression of CLK, allowing the maintenance of CLK cycling which ultimately integrates the first feedback loop and the continued activation of PER/TIM (319). The ventral lateral (LN v s) and the dorsal neurons (DNs) of the Drosophila clock circuitry all express period-and timeless-genes (58).…”

Section: Clock Genes In Crustaceans 431 Current Knowledge About Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57,[316][317][318]. Notwithstanding the differences that exist between insect species with regard to the distinct cellular locations and distributions of neuronal clock elements and regulatory clock genes or their products in the brain and/or the optic lobe (57,(316)(317)(318)(319), commonalities have perhaps best been documented for the locations of PDH/PDF-ir neurons close to the optic lobes and the role of PDF as a clock output factor (57,(316)(317)(318). The bearings on homologies and functional similarity of these neurons are discussed below (see 4.2.…”

Section: Evolution Of Circadian Pacemakers In Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insects other than Drosophila, paralogous cry-gene products exist (termed CRY-m mammalian like, or CRY2), which do not contribute to photic entrainment but act as transcriptional repressor of CLK/CYC-heterodimers, and, depending upon the species, even two CRY isoforms occur. The ancestral clock of insects was thus supposed to consist of two CRYs (CRY-d = Drosophila-like and CRY-m), together with even two similar TIM isoforms (TIM-m and TIM-d) and CYC as the main transcriptional factors (319).…”

Section: Crustacean Cryptochrome-genementioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems

Strauß

Dircksen²

2010

Front Biosci

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Circadian rhythms are known for locomotory and reproductive behaviours, and the functioning of sensory organs, nervous structures, metabolism and developmental processes. The mechanisms and cellular bases of control are mainly inferred from circadian phenomenologies, ablation experiments and pharmacological approaches. Cellular systems for regulation summarised here comprise the retina, the eyestalk neuroendocrine X-organ-sinus gland system, several neuropeptides such as red pigment concentrating, hyperglycaemic and pigment-dispersing hormones, and factors such as serotonin and melatonin. No master clock has been identified, but a model of distributed clockwork involves oscillators such as the retinular cells, neurosecretory systems in the optic lobes, putative brain pacemakers, and the caudal photoreceptor. Extraretinal brain photoreceptors mediate entrainment. Comparative analyses of clock neurons and proteins known from insects may allow the identification of candidate clock neurons in crustaceans as putative homologues in the two taxa. Evidence for the existence of "insect-like" intracellular clock proteins and (light sensitive) transcription factors is scarce, but clock-, period-, and cryptochrome-gene products have been localised in the CNS and other organs rendering further investigations into crustacean clockwork very promising.

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“…There are several clock genes involved in the generation of the rhythmicity (Hardin 2006, Sandrelli et al 2008. One major loop is that formed by the genes period (per), timeless (tim), Clock (Clk), and cycle (cyc) (Stanewsky 2002, Hardin 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%