Comparative Analysis Highlights Variable Genome Content of Wheat Rusts and Divergence of the Mating Loci

Cuomo, Christina A.; Bakkeren, Guus; Khalil, H. M.; Panwar, Vinay; Joly, David L.; Linning, Rob; Sakthikumar, Sharadha; Song, Xiao Ping; Adiconis, Xian; Lin, Fan; Goldberg, Jonathan M.; Levin, Joshua Z.; Young, Sarah; Zeng, Qiandong; Anikster, Y.; Bruce, Myron; Wang, Meinan; Yin, Chuntao; McCallum, Brent D.; Szabo, Les J.; Hulbert, Scot H.; Chen, Xianming; Fellers, John P.

doi:10.1534/g3.116.032797

Cited by 122 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…3B and 4). This was substantiated by revealing many more SNPs in STE3.2-1 homologs in Pt , Pgt and Pst among several sequenced genomes and the conclusion, also based on differential expression in various life cycle stages, is that this gene may represent an novel function (186), suggesting that MAT pathway components may be repurposed. In further support, a pheromone precursor gene ( PtMFA2 ) was identified 650 bp from PtSTE3.2-2 , divergently transcribed as found e.g.…”

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…in the P/R a2 locus of U. maydis . However, the current rather fragmented Puccinia genomes did not allow to draw further conclusions as to the possible physical linkage of the HD and P/R gene complexes to constitute a bipolar arrangement, but based on the current assembly and some mapping data in Pt , these loci are at least 216 kb apart (186). Current developments of single molecule sequencing by Pacific Biosciences, focusing on generating very long kb-sized reads, are expected to allow improving these genome assemblies in the near future.…”

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, genome surveys allowed the detection of P/R and HD genes in important plant pathogens with complex life cycles, such as the rust fungi (Pucciniales, Pucciniomycotina; Fig. 3B) (40, 186). Indeed, because many rust species are macrocyclic (i.e.…”

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, several new wheat rust, Puccinia species genomes were analyzed for the presence of mating-type genes (186). In three cereal-infecting rust fungi, P. triticina ( Pt ), P. graminis f.sp.…”

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three homologs for the pheromone receptor (Ste3) were identified in the dikaryotic urediniospores. Phylogenetic analysis, comparing Ste3 proteins from various rusts and other basidiomycetes, revealed that one STE3 gene ( PtSTE3.2-1 ) was present in two allelic forms, whereas the other two ( PtSTE3.2-2 and PtSTE3.2-3 ) likely represented the two mating specificities, one in each haplotype genome (186) (Figs. 3B and 4).…”

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Fungi of the Basidiomycota, representing major pathogen lineages and mushroom-forming species, exhibit diverse means to achieve sexual reproduction, with particularly varied mechanisms to determine compatibilities of haploid mating partners. For species that require mating between distinct genotypes, discrimination is usually based on both the reciprocal exchange of diffusible mating pheromones, rather than sexes, and the interactions of homeodomain protein signals after cell fusion. Both compatibility factors must be heterozygous in the product of mating, and genetic linkage relationships of the mating pheromone/receptor and homeodomain genes largely determine the complex patterns of mating-type variation. Independent segregation of the two compatibility factors can create four haploid mating genotypes from meiosis, referred to as tetrapolarity. This condition is thought to be ancestral to the basidiomycetes. Alternatively, co-segregation by linkage of the two mating factors, or in some cases the absence of the pheromone-based discrimination, yields only two mating types from meiosis, referred to as bipolarity. Several species are now known to have large and highly rearranged chromosomal regions linked to mating-type genes. At the population level, polymorphism of the mating-type genes is an exceptional aspect of some basidiomycete fungi, where selection under outcrossing for rare, intercompatible allelic variants is thought to be responsible for mating types that may number several thousand. Advances in genome sequencing and assembly are yielding new insights by comparative approaches among and within basidiomycete species, with the promise to resolve the evolutionary origins and dynamics of mating compatibility genetics in this major eukaryotic lineage.

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Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota

et al. 2017

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The Rust Fungi

Kolmer¹,

Ordoñez²,

Groth³

2018

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species in the Basidiomycota and are highly specialised obligate parasites of plants. The life cycle of rusts can be complex. Some rusts have up to five spore stages that alternate between haploid and dikaryotic nuclear conditions and that can occur on two taxonomically unrelated host plants. The rusts have evolved specialised structures that allow them to penetrate and obtain nutrients from living host cells. Biologic forms of a single rust species may differ in ability to attack different genera of host plants. Furthermore, within a single rust species they can be highly variable in ability to attack different genotypes of one host species. At the species level, genes that condition avirulence/virulence in rusts interact in a specific relationship with rust resistance genes in plants. Many of the most important plant diseases in the world are caused by rust fungi. Key Concepts The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species within the Basidiomycota, the group of fungi that includes mushrooms and shelf fungi. Rust fungi have complex life cycles with up to five spore stages that alternate between haploid and dikaryotic nuclear condition on two unrelated host plants. The rust fungi are obligate parasites of plants and have evolved specialised structures to infect and obtain nutrients from plants. Rusts have a highly specific host range. Genes in rust that express avirulence or virulence interact with rust resistance genes in host plants to condition a compatible or incompatible interaction. Some rust species are highly variable for biologic forms that vary in their ability to attack host genotypes with different rust resistance genes. Many of the most important plant diseases worldwide are caused by rust fungi.

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New approaches in bioprocess‐control: Consortium guidance by synthetic cell‐cell communication based on fungal pheromones

Hennig

Wenzel

Haas

et al. 2018

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Bioconversions in industrial processes are currently dominated by single‐strain approaches. With the growing complexity of tasks to be carried out, microbial consortia become increasingly advantageous and eventually may outperform single‐strain fermentations. Consortium approaches benefit from the combined metabolic capabilities of highly specialized strains and species, and the inherent division of labor reduces the metabolic burden for each strain while increasing product yields and reaction specificities. However, consortium‐based designs still suffer from a lack of available tools to control the behavior and performance of the individual subpopulations and of the entire consortium. Here, we propose to implement novel control elements for microbial consortia based on artificial cell–cell communication via fungal mating pheromones. Coupling to the desired output is mediated by pheromone‐responsive gene expression, thereby creating pheromone‐dependent communication channels between different subpopulations of the consortia. We highlight the benefits of artificial communication to specifically target individual subpopulations of microbial consortia and to control e.g. their metabolic profile or proliferation rate in a predefined and customized manner. Due to the steadily increasing knowledge of sexual cycles of industrially relevant fungi, a growing number of strains and species can be integrated into pheromone‐controlled sensor‐actor systems, exploiting their unique metabolic properties for microbial consortia approaches.

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Comparative Analysis Highlights Variable Genome Content of Wheat Rusts and Divergence of the Mating Loci

Cited by 122 publications

References 92 publications

Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota

Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota

The Rust Fungi

New approaches in bioprocess‐control: Consortium guidance by synthetic cell‐cell communication based on fungal pheromones

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