The Rust Fungi

Kolmer, J. A.; Ordoñez, M. E.; Groth, J. V.

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0021264.pub2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Rust fungi are a monophyletic group of obligate biotrophic parasites that invade and cause diseases in economically important plants 1 2 . Species of rusts have evolved such that the pathogens are highly specific to the plant species they can infect, colonize, and reproduce 3 . A well-known representative of rust fungus is Puccinia striiformis f. sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Defense Response of Wheat against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Yong

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is considered one of the most aggressive diseases to wheat production. In this study, we used an iTRAQ-based approach for the quantitative proteomic comparison of the incompatible Pst race CYR23 in infected and non-infected leaves of the wheat cultivar Suwon11. A total of 3,475 unique proteins were identified from three key stages of interaction (12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation) and control groups. Quantitative analysis showed that 530 proteins were differentially accumulated by Pst infection (fold changes >1.5, p < 0.05). Among these proteins, 10.54% was classified as involved in the immune system process and stimulus response. Intriguingly, bioinformatics analysis revealed that a set of reactive oxygen species metabolism-related proteins, peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerases (PPIases), RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and chaperonins was involved in the response to Pst infection. Our results were the first to show that PPIases, RBPs, and chaperonins participated in the regulation of the immune response in wheat and even in plants. This study aimed to provide novel routes to reveal wheat gene functionality and better understand the early events in wheat–Pst incompatible interactions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Defense Response of Wheat against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Yong

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…What is perceived as phenotypically distinct entities may be manifestations of one and the same fungus, often representing sexual versus asexual forms (Kendrick 1979;Aoki and O'Donnell 1999;Covert et al 2007;Wingfield et al 2012;Rossman et al 2016;Tanaka and Honda 2017;Tanney and Miller 2017). Exemplar cases are the rust fungi (Aime et al 2018;Kolmer et al 2018), which can produce up to seven morphologically and functionally distinct types of spores (Bruckart et al 2010). So-called "species pairs" in lichens may belong to a single taxon or exhibit complex phylogenies in which the mode of reproduction is not necessarily diagnostic (Mattsson and Lumbsch 1989;Kroken and Taylor 2001;Crespo and Pérez-Ortega 2009;Crespo and Lumbsch 2010;Messuti et al 2016).…”

Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?

et al. 2020

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True fungi (Fungi) and fungus-like organisms (e.g. Mycetozoa, Oomycota) constitute the second largest group of organisms based on global richness estimates, with around 3 million predicted species. Compared to plants and animals, fungi have simple body plans with often morphologically and ecologically obscure structures. This poses challenges for accurate and precise identifications. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the identification of fungi, encouraging the approach of integrative (polyphasic) taxonomy for species delimitation, i.e. the combination of genealogy (phylogeny), phenotype (including autecology), and reproductive biology (when feasible). This allows objective evaluation of diagnostic characters, either phenotypic or molecular or both. Verification of identifications is crucial but often neglected. Because of clade-specific evolutionary histories, there is currently no single tool for the identification of fungi, although DNA barcoding using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) remains a first diagnosis, particularly in metabarcoding studies. Secondary DNA barcodes are increasingly implemented for groups where ITS does not provide sufficient precision. Issues of pairwise sequence similarity-based identifications and OTU clustering are discussed, and multiple sequence alignment-based phylogenetic approaches with subsequent verification are recommended as more accurate alternatives. In metabarcoding approaches, the trade-off between speed and accuracy and precision of molecular identifications must be carefully considered. Intragenomic variation of the ITS and other barcoding markers should be properly documented, as phylotype diversity is not necessarily a proxy of species richness. Important strategies to improve molecular identification of fungi are: (1) broadly document intraspecific and intragenomic variation of barcoding markers; (2) substantially expand sequence repositories, focusing on undersampled clades and missing taxa; (3) improve curation of sequence labels in primary repositories and substantially increase the number of sequences based on verified material; (4) link sequence data to digital information of voucher specimens including imagery. In parallel, technological improvements to genome sequencing offer promising alternatives to DNA barcoding in the future. Despite the prevalence of DNA-based fungal taxonomy, phenotype-based approaches remain an important strategy to catalog the global diversity of fungi and establish initial species hypotheses.

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“…Rust fungi are host-specific. It can spread aeciospore, basidiospores, and urediniospores to far-off places by wind [11,12]. This reason made it more diversified and the biggest reason for wheat economic losses; it adopted a wide range of environmental changes and increased inoculum amounts to cause disease epidemics [13].…”

Section: Wheat Leaf Rust or Brown Rustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diseases of Wheat

Kayim¹,

Nawaz²,

Alsalmo³

2022

Wheat

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Wheat is considered the first crop that is grown on earth. It is a staple food in many regions of the world. Due to the increase in the world’s population, it is very important to increase wheat production. With an estimate in 2050, almost 50% more production of wheat will be required due to the increase in population. Increased productivity of wheat is the biggest challenge for researchers. It faces several biotic (microbial diseases) and abiotic (water, temperature, and climatic change) limiting factors. But the major threat for wheat is due to a large number of fungal diseased pathogens, which causes massive and destructive loss to the crop. It includes rusts, smuts, Fusarium head blight, Septoria leaf blotch, tan spot, and powdery mildew that cause the most serious losses. It was estimated in 2019 that almost 22% yield loss of wheat was due to diseases. These percentages will increase with time due to mutation and diversity in virulent strains. This chapter includes all major and minor fungal diseases of wheat, symptom, disease cycle, spore identification, disease losses, etiology, and integrated disease management.

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The Rust Fungi

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Defense Response of Wheat against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Defense Response of Wheat against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?

Fungal Diseases of Wheat

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