Compaction Procedures and Associated Environmental Impacts Analysis for Application of Steel Slag in Road Base Layer

Gao, Bo; Yang, Chao; Zou, Yingxue; Wang, Fusong; Zhou, Xiaojun; Barbieri, Diego Maria; Wu, Shaopeng

doi:10.3390/su13084396

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gao, et al [38] discussed the compaction process of SS base and andesite (a natural aggregate) base. The 98% compaction degree in the standard is used as the evaluation index [99].…”

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Cui

Cai³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Steel slag (SS) is industrial waste, and there is a large amount of SS to be treated in China. Its disposal generates severe environmental pollution. One of the best ways to use SS is as a road base material. This paper reviews the possibility of using SS in semi-rigid base and evaluates the performance of SS base course. The interaction between three stabilizers (cement, lime–fly ash, and cement–fly ash) and SS is analyzed, and the influence of modifier content on the performance of base course is evaluated. The potential laws between SS, curing time, and unconfined compressive strength, as well as drying shrinkage and temperature shrinkage, are discussed and their effects on the performance of the base course are revealed. The finite element method, discrete element method, and molecular dynamics can be used to analyze the freeze-thaw, rutting resistance, and crack development of SS base. In addition, compared with traditional macadam base, the CO2 emissions for the use of SS base are slightly more, one of the disadvantages of its use in production, transportation, and compaction. However, considering the overall mechanical, economic, and environmental benefits, it is recommended to use SS in semi-rigid base course. The future research scope of SS as base material is suggested.

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“…Gao, et al [38] discussed the compaction process of SS base and andesite (a natural aggregate) base. The 98% compaction degree in the standard is used as the evaluation index [99].…”

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Cui

Cai³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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“…At the same time, this makes the whole concrete frame denser to a certain extent and improves its mechanical properties after mixing. Gao et al [ 17 ], based on the characteristic that the appearance texture and density of steel slag is denser than natural crushed stone, found that the shrinkage and the mechanical performances became stronger after mixing steel slag into concrete. Pasetto et al [ 18 ] optimized the ratio of steel slag and crushed stone aggregate to modify the mechanical property and durability of the mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Mechanical and Shrinkage Characteristics of a Resource-Based Cement Solid-Waste Concrete

Ning,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Materials

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Recycling of multi-source solid waste is of great benefit to energy conservation and environmental governance. In this paper, a new type of environmental protection concrete for railway accessory facilities was prepared from silicon-manganese slag, steel slag, fly ash and recycled macadam. Seven kinds of concrete with different mix proportions were designed. Through unconfined compressive strength, splitting, drying shrinkage and temperature shrinkage tests, the multivariate changing trends of steel slag content, cement dosage and age on the anti-interference ability of concrete were investigated. The main mechanisms of the development of mechanical and dry shrinkage properties were revealed by the hydration process of 3SR-60. The results show that 3SR-60 had better mechanical strength under the same cement dosage. The temperature shrinkage strain decreased and then increased with the rise of the proportion of waste residue, increased with the addition of cement dosage and decreased first and then increased with the descent in the temperature. The temperature shrinkage coefficient reached the lowest value at 0–10 °C. The drying shrinkage coefficient decreases with the increase in the proportion of waste residue and increases with the increase in cement dosage. The dry shrinkage strain increased rapidly during the first 8 days and became almost constant after 30 days. Cementation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and ettringite (AFt) developed continuously and filled the internal pores of the structure, interlocking and cementing with each other, which made the microstructure develop from a three-dimensional network to a dense complex, and the macro dimension was reflected in the enhancement of the power to resist external interference. The conclusion of the test summarized that SR-60 had preferable mechanical and shrinkage performance.

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“…Steel slag contains iron, CaO, and MgO, which can be utilized as sintering materials [11]. Additionally, steel slag has been demonstrated to be environmentally friendly and possesses cementing properties when used as a subgrade material [12,13]. Steel slag can also be applied to prepare microcrystalline glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Steel-Slag-Based Hydrotalcite and Its Adsorption Properties on Cl− and SO42−

Dong,

Huang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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Large amounts of chloride ions (Cl−) and sulfate ions (SO42−) are present in salt-washing wastewater, making it unsuitable for direct release. Adsorption can be used to eliminate Cl− and SO42− from salt-washing wastewater, and hydrotalcite is an excellent adsorbent with high adsorption properties for these ions because of a layered bimetallic hydroxide structure. The selective extraction of various metals, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron, from steel slag via acid leaching facilitates the utilization of steel slag in the preparation of hydrotalcite. In this study, the leaching mechanism of metal in steel slag was investigated using steel slag as a raw material and acetic acid as the reaction medium. The study obtained the optimal leaching mechanism for preparing hydrotalcite. Hydrotalcite was synthesized from the steel slag leaching solution by hydrothermal synthesis, and its structure was characterized. The adsorption performance of Cl− and SO42− in salt-washing wastewater was investigated by solution adsorption experiments. The removal rates of Cl− and SO42− in salt-washing wastewater reached 12.8% and 38.0%, respectively. After multiple adsorption cycles, the removal rates increased to 98.0% for Cl− and 96.4% for SO42−.

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Compaction Procedures and Associated Environmental Impacts Analysis for Application of Steel Slag in Road Base Layer

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Research on Mechanical and Shrinkage Characteristics of a Resource-Based Cement Solid-Waste Concrete

Preparation of Steel-Slag-Based Hydrotalcite and Its Adsorption Properties on Cl− and SO42−

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