Compact Patch Antenna Design for Outdoor Rf Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sim, Zhi Wei; Shuttleworth, R.; Alexander, Martin; Grieve, Bruce

doi:10.2528/pier10052509

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Significant research efforts have been devoted towards improving WSN architectures, accuracy, efficiency and operations [1][2][3][4][5]. Many new applications have also emerged [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Propagation Analysis for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Sport Grounds and on Roads

Ndzi¹,

Arif²,

Shakaff³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-This paper presents results of a study to characterise wireless point-to-point channel for wireless sensor networks applications in sport hard court arenas, grass fields and on roads. Antenna height and orientation effects on coverage are also studied and results show that for omni-directional patch antenna, node range is reduced by a factor of 2 when the antenna orientation is changed from vertical to horizontal. The maximum range for a wireless node on a hard court sport arena has been determined to be 70 m for 0 dBm transmission but this reduces to 60 m on a road surface and to 50 m on a grass field. For horizontal antenna orientation the range on the road is longer than on the sport court which shows that scattered signal components from the rougher road surface combine to extend the communication range. The channels investigated showed that packet error ratio (PER) is dominated by large-scale, rather than small-scale, channel fading with an abrupt transition from low PER to 100% PER. Results also show that large-scale received signal power can be modeled with a 2nd order log-distance polynomial equation on the sport court and road, but a 1st order model is sufficient for the grass field. Small-scale signal variations have been found to have a Rice distribution for signal to noise ratio levels greater than 10 dB but the Rice K-factor exhibits

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Propagation Analysis for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Sport Grounds and on Roads

Ndzi¹,

Arif²,

Shakaff³

et al. 2012

PIER

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show abstract

“…A proper design of receiving antenna is crucial because the volume of harvestable energy is determined by the parameters, such as radiation pattern, gain and impedance bandwidth (Sim, 2010). Impedance of antenna and the converting circuit really contribute to the efficiency.…”

Section: Description (Proposed Block)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of Ultra Low Power Micro Energy Harvester Using RF Signal for Health Care Monitoring System: A Review

Zulkifli¹,

Sampe

Islam

et al. 2015

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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This research presents architecture of Ultra Low Power (ULP) Micro Energy Harvester (MEH) using Radio Frequency (RF) signal as an input. RF has many advantages compared to other ambient sources because it is not affected by changes of weather or time, does not require heat or wind exposure and it can be moved randomly within the bound of the transmission source. When RF is used as the sole input, the designer needs to consider impedance matching as the most important element so that the antenna can transfer maximum power. The existing energy harvesters apply conjugate matching network as the current solution. However, this method causes some difficulties since the solution requires consideration of both voltage boosting and conjugate matching network simultaneously. To solve this problem, we propose ULP Radio Frequency Micro Energy Harvester (RFMEH) that will utilize a control loop as voltage boosting adjuster and network tuner to achieve maximum power transfer and minimum power reflection. The proposed architecture will also improve the RF-DC conversion efficiency and the sensitivity of the system. This is achieved using an efficient rectification scheme to convert RF to DC, DC-DC boost converter to increase the dc output voltage, adaptive control circuit to adjust the switching timing of boost converter, voltage limiter and regulator to produce the best output voltage. The proposed ULP RFMEH architecture will be designed and simulated using PSPICE software, Verilog coding using Mentor Graphics and functional verification using FPGA board (FPGA) before being implemented in CMOS 0.13 µm process technology. The proposed architecture will deliver approximately 2.45 V of output voltage from low input power level (-20 dBm) with an efficiency of more than 60%. This design will minimize the power consumption as compared to previous achievements and it can be applied in supplying power for health care monitoring systems or micro biomedical applications.

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“…Hence, the problem of achieving the miniaturized antennas for broadband operation has been recently much regarded. Many techniques have been implemented in order to miniaturize the size of microstrip patch antennas such as utilizing a meandered patch or ground plane [2,3] and using a shorting pin/wall [4][5][6][7]. By applying the shorting-pin loading technique a microstrip antenna treats as a quarter-wavelength structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wideband Shorted Patch Antennas Fed by Folded-Patch With Multi Resonances

Malekpoor¹,

Jam²

2012

PIER B

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Abstract-Novel designs of probe-fed broadband shorted patch antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications are presented in this paper. In these designs, unequal resonance arms fed by a folded patch produce multi resonances to broaden the impedance bandwidth. In the first design, the antenna consists of an asymmetric E-shaped patch, a folded-patch feed and shorting pins. This antenna is achieved by four adjacent resonances with the measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 76.18%. The pins are utilized to miniaturize the size of the patch. By introducing a folded ramp-shaped feed in the similar structure with the first design, a wider bandwidth with the five resonances is obtained. This improved design introduces an antenna with an impedance bandwidth of more than 110% and a considerable size reduction compared to the first antenna. The antennas present resonance tuning ability within the impedance bandwidth by varying the length of unequal arms. In addition, parametric studies are performed by investigating the effects of different key parameters on obtaining optimal designs of the proposed antennas.

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Compact Patch Antenna Design for Outdoor Rf Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 64 publications

References 21 publications

Signal Propagation Analysis for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Sport Grounds and on Roads

Signal Propagation Analysis for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Sport Grounds and on Roads

Architecture of Ultra Low Power Micro Energy Harvester Using RF Signal for Health Care Monitoring System: A Review

Ultra-Wideband Shorted Patch Antennas Fed by Folded-Patch With Multi Resonances

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