Signal Propagation Analysis for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Sport Grounds and on Roads

Ndzi, David; Arif, Muhammad; Shakaff, Ali Yeon Md; Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu; Harun, A.; Kamarudin, Latifah Munirah; Zakaria, A.; Ramli, Mohammad Fadzli; Razalli, Mohammad Shahrazel

doi:10.2528/pier11111406

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…RoF has attracted considerable attention for its potential application in future broadband wireless access networks because of its advantages of extremely low propagation loss, unlimited fiber bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and high spatial division multiplexing on account of large atmospheric attenuation [8][9][10][11]. In an RoF system, the cost-effective and high quality generation of high frequency mm-wave signals is a key technology that requires further development toward high-frequency bands, especially for frequencies above 40 GHz [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Approach for High-Quality Quadrupling Frequency Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation Without Optical Filter

Al-Shareefi

Hassan

Malek

et al. 2013

PIER

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Abstract-In this paper, we propose a new approach to generate quadrupling-frequency optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal with carrier suppression by using two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) in Radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. Among the numerous properties of this approach, the most important is that a filterless optical mm-wave at 60 GHz with an optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) as high as 40 dB can be obtained when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 25 dB. Simplicity and cost-effectiveness have made this approach a compelling candidate for future wave-division-multiplexing RoF systems.Theoretical analysis is conducted to suppress the undesired optical sidebands for the high-quality generation of frequency quadrupling mm-wave signal. The simulation results show that a 60 GHz mm-wave is generated from a 15 GHz radio frequency (RF) oscillator with an OSSR as high as 40 dB and an radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) exceeding 35 dB without any optical or electrical filter when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 25 dB. Furthermore, the effect of the non-ideal RF-driven voltage as well as the phase difference of RF-driven signals applied to the two MZMs on OSSR and RFSSR is discussed and analyzed. Finally, we establish a RoF system through simulation to verify the transmission performance of the proposed scheme. The Q-factor performance and eye patterns are given.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Approach for High-Quality Quadrupling Frequency Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation Without Optical Filter

Al-Shareefi

Hassan

Malek

et al. 2013

PIER

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“…ADIO wave propagation in grassy environments has not been studied extensively as compared to studies in forest environments [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. In some cases, studies of radio propagation have been intended to support animal grazing in large-scale farming [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Path Loss Models for Wireless Sensor Network Deployments in Short and Tall Natural Grass Environments

Olasupo

Otero

Olasupo

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Extensive research has not been done on propagation modeling for natural short-and tall-grass environments for the purpose of wireless sensor deployment. This study is essential for efficiently deploying wireless sensors in different applications such as tracking the grazing habits of cows on the grass or monitoring sporting activities. This study proposes empirical path loss models for wireless sensor deployments in grass environments. The proposed models are compared with theoretical models to demonstrate their inaccuracy in predicting path loss between sensor nodes deployed in natural grass environments. Results show that theoretical models deviate from the proposed models by 12 to 42%. Also, results of the proposed models are compared with experimental results obtained from similar natural grassy terrains at different locations resulting in similar outcomes. Finally, the results of the proposed models are compared with previous studies and other terrain models such as those in dense tree environments. These comparisons show that there is significant difference in path loss and empirical models' parameters. The proposed models, as well as the measured data, can be used for efficient planning and future deployments of wireless sensor networks in similar grass terrains.Index Terms-path loss model, RF propagation, short and tall natural grass, terrain, terrain factor, wireless sensor network, XBee radio.

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“…Ground reflection is present when the boundary of the first Fresnel Zone, h 0 , is equal to or greater than, the antenna height [27,28].…”

Section: Radio Wave Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Propagation in Aquaculture Environment for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Harun¹,

Ndzi²,

Ramli³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-This paper presents results of signal propagation studies for wireless sensor network planning in aquaculture environment for water quality and changes in water characteristics monitoring. Some water pollutants can cause widespread damage to marine life within a very short time period and thus wireless sensor network reliability is more critical than in crop farming. This paper shows that network coverage models and assumptions over land do not readily apply in tropical aquaculture environment where high temperatures are experienced during the day. More specifically, due to high humidity caused by evaporation, network coverage at 15 cm antenna height is better than at 5 m antenna heights due to the presence of a superrefraction (ducting) layer. For a 69 m link, the difference between the signal strength measured over several days is more than 7 dBm except under anomaly conditions. In this environment, the two-ray model has been found to provide high accuracy for signal propagation over water where there are no objects in close proximity to the propagation path. However, with vegetation in close proximity, accurate signal variation predication must consider contributions from scattered and diffused components, taking into account frequency selective fading characteristics to represent the temporal and spatial signal variations.

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Signal Propagation Analysis for Low Data Rate Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Sport Grounds and on Roads

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Development of a New Approach for High-Quality Quadrupling Frequency Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation Without Optical Filter

Development of a New Approach for High-Quality Quadrupling Frequency Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation Without Optical Filter

Empirical Path Loss Models for Wireless Sensor Network Deployments in Short and Tall Natural Grass Environments

Signal Propagation in Aquaculture Environment for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

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