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A design of probe‐fed compact wideband microstrip patch antenna which is configured of an asymmetric E‐shaped patch, a folded‐patch feed and shorting pins, is presented in this study. In this design, unequal resonance arms fed by a folded patch produce three resonances to broaden the impedance bandwidth. Shorting pins are applied to miniaturise the size of the patch. The performance of broadening the impedance bandwidth is explored by investigating the behaviour of the surface currents on the patch. The antenna presents resonance tuning ability within the impedance bandwidth by varying the length of unequal arms. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the fabricated antenna is 76.18% from 3.34 to 7.45 GHz for ultra‐wideband applications. The size of this antenna is 0.379λL × 0.145λL × 0.078λL, where λL is wavelength at the lower frequency of the measured operating bandwidth in the free space. Fabrication of this antenna is less complex than similar wideband antennas with folded‐patch feed. In addition, parametric studies are performed by investigating the effects of different key parameters on obtaining an optimal design of the proposed antenna design.

In this paper, a novel design of compact 1 × 4 patch antenna array using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) for wideband operation is introduced. Three unequal arms fed by CPW‐to‐slotline through a coupling system of 100 Ω T‐shaped slotline transitions are utilized for broadening the impedance bandwidth with multiple resonances. By adding two conventional mushroom‐type EBG (CMT‐EBG) structures on both sides of 100 Ω slotline transitions, dual wideband patch array is obtained. The proposed 1 × 4 patch array with CMT‐EBG includes two bands with the measured ranges (S11≤−10 dB) of 6.71–6.97 GHz and 8.60–11.51 GHz. Moreover, more size reduction is achieved by using an edge‐shorted mushroom‐type EBG (ESM‐EBG) for the proposed array. This design with the ESM‐EBG indicates almost 37% size reduction compared with the proposed array without EBG. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed 1 × 4 array with EBG is also introduced to describe the process of its bandwidth enhancement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2983–2989, 2016

In this paper, a comprehensive study of miniaturised broadband microstrip patch antennas for ultra-wideband applications is presented. At first, design and analysis of a compact wideband basic antenna which is composed of a folded-patch feed, a symmetric E-shaped edge, a U-shaped-slot patch and shorting pins are studied and investigated. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed basic antenna is about 92% in the frequency range 3.94-10.65 GHz. To explicitly demonstrate the mechanism of the bandwidth enhancement method, the equivalent transmission line model of the basic antenna is exhibited. This model contributes the effect of different parts used in the basic antenna structure in order to predict the broadband behaviour of it. Moreover, with the use of a V-shaped slot instead of the U-shaped slot on the patch, an improved antenna with a wider bandwidth in order to cover the frequency range from 4 to 14.4 GHz is obtained. This improved design introduces comparatively a simpler structure with considerable size reduction and an enhancement of 21% in impedance bandwidth compared with the basic antenna. Experimental investigations and detailed simulations based on the parametric study are performed to describe and optimise the broadband performance of the proposed designs.

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Novel designs of miniaturized multi‐band 1 × 2 patch antenna array with electromagnetic band gap (EBG) for wideband operation are presented in this article. The proposed patch array is composed of three unequal arms fed by CPW‐to‐slotline transitions to widen the impedance bandwidth with multiple resonances. By adding two conventional mushroom‐type EBG (CMT‐EBG) structures on both sides of 100 Ω slotline transitions, the compact wideband patch array (first design) is obtained. This proposed design with CMT‐EBG includes two bands with the measured ranges (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 6.65‐6.95 GHz (C‐band) and 8.57‐11.53 GHz (X‐band). Moreover, the proposed 1 × 2 patch array with the 3 × 3 CMT‐EBG array on the one side of the structure (second design) operates at multi‐bands with the measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 5.80‐5.98 GHz, 6.25‐6.47 GHz, and 8.48‐11.52 GHz. The second design compared to the first design introduces a considerable size reduction with more resonance tuning capability. The performance of the proposed designs is analyzed based on the EBG band gap properties near the slotline transitions. These designs with the EBGs indicate prominent features like resonance tuning capability, acceptable miniaturization, and enhanced impedance bandwidth with low‐fabrication cost. In this study, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed first design with EBG is also offered to describe the properties of multi‐band operation.

Abstract-Novel designs of probe-fed broadband shorted patch antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications are presented in this paper. In these designs, unequal resonance arms fed by a folded patch produce multi resonances to broaden the impedance bandwidth. In the first design, the antenna consists of an asymmetric E-shaped patch, a folded-patch feed and shorting pins. This antenna is achieved by four adjacent resonances with the measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 76.18%. The pins are utilized to miniaturize the size of the patch. By introducing a folded ramp-shaped feed in the similar structure with the first design, a wider bandwidth with the five resonances is obtained. This improved design introduces an antenna with an impedance bandwidth of more than 110% and a considerable size reduction compared to the first antenna. The antennas present resonance tuning ability within the impedance bandwidth by varying the length of unequal arms. In addition, parametric studies are performed by investigating the effects of different key parameters on obtaining optimal designs of the proposed antennas.