Compact Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Block Ciphers in ATtiny Devices

Eisenbarth, Thomas; Gong, Zheng; Güneysu, Tim; Heyse, Stefan; Indesteege, Sebastiaan; Kerckhof, Stéphanie; Koeune, François; Nad, Tomislav; Plos, Thomas; Regazzoni, Francesco; Standaert, François‐Xavier; Oldenzeel, Loïc van Oldeneel tot

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31410-0_11

Cited by 103 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Camellia [33], IDEA [34], KASUMI [34] and Blowfish are other widely used ciphers. In PHC, AES and Blowfish are mainly utilized for cryptographic operations.…”

Section: Lightweight Cryptographic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Password Hashing Scheme for Embedded Systems

Hatzivasilis

Papaefstathiou

Manifavas

et al. 2015

Information Security Theory and Practice

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Abstract. Passwords constitute the main mean for authentication in computer systems. In order to maintain the user-related information at the service provider end, password hashing schemes (PHS) are utilized. The limited and old-fashioned solutions led the international cryptographic community to conduct the Password Hashing Competition (PHC). The competition will propose a small portfolio of schemes suitable for widespread usage until 2015. Embedded systems form a special application domain, utilizing devices with inherent computational limitations. Lightweight cryptography focuses in designing schemes for such devices and targets moderate levels of security. In this paper, a lightweight poly PHS suitable for lightweight cryptography is presented. At first, we design two lightweight versions of the PHC schemes Catena and PolyPassHash. Then, we integrate them and implement the proposed scheme -called LightPolyPHS. The schemes are applied on a MANET with BeagleBone embedded devices and a fair comparison with similar proposals on mainstream computer is presented.

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“…Camellia [33], IDEA [34], KASUMI [34] and Blowfish are other widely used ciphers. In PHC, AES and Blowfish are mainly utilized for cryptographic operations.…”

Section: Lightweight Cryptographic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Password Hashing Scheme for Embedded Systems

Hatzivasilis

Papaefstathiou

Manifavas

et al. 2015

Information Security Theory and Practice

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“…For operations in F 2 128 (addition and multiplication) we have selected the same irreducible polynomial x 128 + x 7 + x 2 + x + 1 as stated in [27]. The implementation of the block cipher NOEKEON is based on the open source version published in [14], but the decryption functionality has been removed since it is not required for the generation of a permutations. Two variants of the Rogaway-Steinberger scheme have been implemented: LP362 and lp362.…”

Section: Block Cipher-based Constructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the two encryptions need to be processed in parallel. The AES design is similar to the one presented in [14], with a further optimized Shift Rows operation. Decryption code is not needed and has been removed.…”

Section: Block Cipher-based Constructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reference code was written following directly the cipher specifications, and is a natural extension of the 96-bit version designed in [14]. During its execution, plaintexts and keys are stored in RAM (accounting for a total of 48 bytes), limiting the register consumption to 12 registers for the running state, one register for the round counter and some additional temporary storage.…”

Section: Block Cipher-based Constructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent work, the implementation of 12 lightweight and standard block ciphers in an ATMEL AVR ATtiny45 has been investigated [14]. In order to increase the relevance of their work, the authors additionally provided open source codes for all their implementations on a public web page.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Hash Functions in ATtiny Devices

Balasch

Ege

Eisenbarth

et al. 2013

Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications

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Abstract. The pervasive diffusion of electronic devices in security and privacy sensitive applications has boosted research in cryptography. In this context, the study of lightweight algorithms has been a very active direction over the last years. In general, symmetric cryptographic primitives are good candidates for low-cost implementations. For example, several previous works have investigated the performance of block ciphers on various platforms. Motivated by the recent SHA3 competition, this paper extends these studies to another family of cryptographic primitives, namely hash functions. We implemented different algorithms on an ATMEL AVR ATtiny45 8-bit microcontroller, and provide their performance evaluation. All the implementations were carried out with the goal of minimizing the code size and memory utilization, and are evaluated using a common interface. As part of our contribution, we make all the corresponding source codes available on a web page, under an open-source license. We hope that this paper provides a good basis for researchers and embedded system designers who need to include more and more functionalities in next generation smart devices.

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Hardware Trojan detection for lightweight ciphers implemented on field‐programmable gate arrays using the replay algorithm

Abed

Mohd

Hayajneh

et al. 2021

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Summary Hardware Trojans (HTs) are malicious and intentional modification of the hardware design, embedded by an adversary to leak sensitive data, modify functionality, or cause malfunction. Lightweight ciphers are designed for resource‐constrained devices (RCDs) to balance resources and security, but often targeted by HTs. This work aims to create a trusted lightweight cipher design and detect complex sequential HTs using a runtime monitoring method with minimal resource overhead. The novelty of the approach is that it combines full or partial temporal redundancy, resource minimization, and runtime monitoring. The algorithm employs temporal redundancy, by executing a first run of the cipher, and then replays the cipher fully (ReplayN method) or partially (ReplayN/2 method). A mismatch indicates HT activity, and a third replay is executed to determine the correct results. The ReplayN/2 algorithm further optimizes time and energy by limiting replay to the second half of the cipher rounds. The proposed method is compared with other existing methods including triple modular redundancy (TMR), adapted triple modular redundancy (ATMR), and reverse‐function redundancy (RFR). All methods were implemented in field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. Implementation performance metrics were measured and compared, including resource utilization (i.e., logical elements [LEs]), power, energy (E), and speed (i.e., Fmax). The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in most of the metrics. In terms of speed and area, the replay algorithm is faster by 24% and reduces total LEs by 42% when compared with existing methods. Regarding power, replay algorithm reduces power by 45% when compared with TMR and ATMR. With respect to energy, replay methods reduce energy by an average of 6% when compared with TMR and ATMR. The ReplayN/2 reduces energy by an average 15% when compared with TMR and ATMR. Based on the normalE×LE (i.e., energy × area) metric, ReplayN/2 is the top performing method as it balances area and energy metrics. Using normalE×LEnormalFmax metric, the replay methods are the best performing methods as they best balance area, energy, and speed. Also, based on ThroughputLE2 metric, the replay methods are the top performing methods.

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Compact Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Block Ciphers in ATtiny Devices

Cited by 103 publications

References 15 publications

Lightweight Password Hashing Scheme for Embedded Systems

Lightweight Password Hashing Scheme for Embedded Systems

Compact Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Hash Functions in ATtiny Devices

Hardware Trojan detection for lightweight ciphers implemented on field‐programmable gate arrays using the replay algorithm

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