Common bean in highly variable weather conditions, on sandy soils, and food security in a subtropical environment

Abstract

Common bean is a vital component of food security and reduction in malnutrition in developing nations of the world. In a year of low rainfall and high temperature during flowering and high rainfall during grain filling, we studied the effects of (1) water availability and tillage on soil structural formation and on water retention, growth and productivity of common bean, and (2) time series analysis of soil available water and its relationship with related atmospheric variables. Soil management systems consisted of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), chiseling 2 days before sowing (Ch 0 ), and 1 year before sowing (Ch 1 ), in complete randomized block design and four replications. Air temperature, rainfall, soil available water, and air capacity were monitored throughout the 78-days bean cycle, and time series analysis of data was performed. Water availability in topsoil reached limiting values, close to the permanent wilting point, limiting proper development of bean at flowering. Water availability was higher in periods of limited rainfall in untilled soils (NT and Ch 1 ). Low soil availability of water and high air temperatures during flowering and grain filling stages affected grain production but grain yield did not differ statistically among tillage systems, which was similar to the average yield obtained in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Temporal distribution of soil available water did not correlate with daily rainfall but correlated with air temperature. Time series analysis was adequate for estimating soil available water from its previous and related variables. Conservation agriculture (no-tillage and old-chiseling) improves water conditions in soil, but with long periods of water deficit there is no guarantee for high food production; thus, supplementary irrigation may still be necessary to reduce the combined effects of abiotic factors of air temperature and rainfall. 220

Screening and identification of resistant sources against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing white mold disease in common bean

“…Common bean, widely known as Rajmash in India, is an important grain legume crop species rich in proteins, minerals, and vitamins, which could be used along with carbohydrate-loaded foods to meet the nutritional demand of growing world (Mohammed, 2013;Reichert et al, 2015). The Crop Science environmental conditions conducive for its growth and development favors a number of bean pathogens including S. sclerotiorum, which is one of the most devastating soil-borne necrotrophic fungi that causes white mold of common bean (Mahoney, McCreary, & Gillard, 2014).…”

The Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Green Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Grown in Dry and Rainy Season

“…: seed yields. Reichert et al (2015) explained that during grain filling stage, limited rainfall can cause the low plant available water that resulted the negative effect on crop yield.…”

Quantification of sediment source contributions in two paired catchments of the Brazilian Pampa using conventional and alternative fingerprinting approaches

“…In the Pampa biome in Southern Brazil, soils developed on sedimentary parent materials are characterized by a sand‐to‐silt sized texture (Roesch et al, 2009). These relatively coarse soils are particularly sensitive to degradation processes (Becker et al, 2009; Kaiser, Reinert, Reichert, Streck, & Pellegrini, 2010; Reichert, Amado, Reinert, Rodrigues, & Suzuki, 2016; Reichert et al, 2015).…”