Combustion Synthesis

Abstract

Combustion synthesis is used to synthesize useful materials via combustion reactions. Compared to many other material synthesis approaches, combustion synthesis is furnace‐free and more efficient, with negligible energy consumption, short processing times, large productivities, and low costs of production. The unique conditions of combustion synthesis, characterized by extremely high temperatures and rapid heating/cooling rates, offers tremendous possibilities for controlling the microstructure and synthesis of novel materials. To date, combustion synthesis has been used to produce a wide variety of inorganic materials, including metals, ceramics, and metal–ceramic composites, in different forms of powders, coatings, and bulks. Today, combustion synthesis is associated with many scientific disciplines, is applied to various industrial fields, and represents a promising branch of modern science and technology with an ever‐growing influence. In this chapter, a comprehensive introduction to combustion synthesis, from theory to practice, is provided. Initially, some basic concepts and fundamentals of the process are elucidated, with the essential parameters of combustion reactions, including adiabatic temperature, propagation velocity and stability of combustion wave, being explained based on homogeneous models. Heterogeneous and discrete combustion models are then described for heterogeneous reaction media. Finally, the reaction mechanism of combustion synthesis is discussed, along with improvements in experimental skills. The processing of combustion synthesis (and materials thus created) are also reviewed. The effects of the main parameters in routine processing of combustion synthesis are discussed for solid–solid and solid–gas reactions. Details of various hybrid processes based on combustion synthesis are then presented, with high‐gravity combustion synthesis as a particular example. Finally, solution combustion synthesis and gas combustion synthesis are introduced, with emphasis placed on the preparation of nanosized particles.

In situ combustion synthesis of spherical Si@Si3N4 granules

“…The reactant powders could react completely under nitrogen pressure of 4, 5, 6, 7 MPa, respectively. When reduce the pressure to 3 MPa, the burn wave goes out quickly because the low pressure makes the Si wrapped by Si 3 N 4 shell unable to continue nitriding and exothermic, 33 causing the nitriding reaction cannot be maintained. In all the products, Si and β‐Si 3 N 4 are the major phase.…”

“…With the N 2 pressure increased, the abnormal growth of Si 3 N 4 grains and the decrease of its uniformity appeared, resulting the sphericity of granules deteriorated gradually (Figure 2C–F). The reason for these phenomena mainly attributed to the nitridation of Si intensified and accelerated by increased N 2 pressure 33–36 …”

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and spark plasma sintering of high-entropy (Hf,Ta,Nb)(C,N) carbonitride

“…Несмотря на то, что механическое активирование осуществляли в стальных барабанах со стальными мелющими телами в течение 60 мин, содержание железа и хрома не превышает 0,50 и 0,05 мас. % соответственно, что обусловлено применением низкоэнергетического режима (350 об/мин) и наличием «смазки» в виде сажи, препятствующей намолу [20]. гию композиционных частиц после МА (рис.…”

Facile Synthesis Process, Characterization Study and Determination of Thermoluminescence Kinetic Parameters of Combustion-Synthesized Nano Phosphor for Dosimetry and Long Persistent Applications

“…Determining the oxidant to fuel ratio is the most important phase since it is the deciding factor that affects the characteristics of the nanomaterials that will be created. The oxidizer to fuel ratio is termed as "Ψ", which is defined as following relation [16].…”