Combustion optimization in gas burners of reverberatory furnaces during the melting of nickel alloys

Abstract

In recent years, due to climate change environmental sustainability programs have been created that require the search for alternatives to reduce air emissions and reduce fuel consumption. The combustion industry is looking for an effective solution to increase the life cycle of its equipment and improve combustion efficiency without neglecting safety or savings. The efficiency of the medium pressure natural gas burners associated with chemical energy, which is converted into heat, that is, the hotter the gaseous products of combustion, the more efficient the burner. The work analyzes the combustion process and their chemical reactions; combustion products obtained in accordance with various conditions; combustion characteristics and factors that influence; and measurement methods needed to optimize combustion and their equipment. In the metallurgical production of nickel, optimization of the burners is very important due to the high temperature used in the reverberatory furnace. That is, the use of a large excess of air would be unfavorably energetic, and the use of a very low excess would result in small intimate mixtures of air and fuel, followed by the release of unreacted reagents and the formation of toxic gases arising at high temperatures. For this reason, the results of this work are an important source of information. The innovation is to automate the use of non-invasive sensors to control the combustion process. The sensors play a fundamental role in the industry, because the information they provide supports the enhanced use of data in the enterprise, increase productivity, efficiency and safety.

Scientific fundamentals for the use of serpentinized rocks from the eastern region of Cuba

“…The kinetic study of the decomposition of the studied rocks allowed to establish the most probable models of the transformations that are verified in this stage, as well as the kinetic parameters, applying the techniques of thermogravimetry and thermal-differential analysis. Figure 3 shows the dependencies of  vs T for the 2nd stage, applying thermogravimetry (TG) [24], [25]. The kinetic curves reflect the difference between the family of both samples with pronounced onset periods of the reaction, and shorter retardation periods, confirming the degree of transformation chosen ( = 0,2 -0,8).…”

Features of obtaining metallurgical products in the solid-state hydride synthesis conditions

“…It makes it possible to realize the possibilities of promising methods of chlorine metallurgy [12,13] to reduce environmental problems in the production of nickel from natural metal sulfide raw materials. Note that it is easier to restore metal chlorides (Ni, Fe) [6,14], than nickel-containing sulfide and oxide concentrates [3,13], which makes it possible to reduce energy costs compared to traditional production. The industry has long worked out the conditions for the transition from natural iron-nickel pyrite, sulfide copper-nickel concentrate to metal chlorides: chlorination of sulfide raw materials in Cl2, HCl or sintering of other elements (Na, Fe, etc.)…”