According to the top-priority trends and challenges in the mineral sector, and as per the mining science strategy, it is highly critical to arrange enhanced control, prediction and safety of production objects and their functioning for the preservation of automation sustainability. Improved control of databases, regulatory bonds, management, logistics and principles of sustainable development in mining makes it possible to reduce technological deviations and accidents at large mining and processing plants. Most procedural violations and accidents in surface and underground mines occur because of the unskilled actions of process flow operators. Damage in this case can be considerable, especially as compared with the expenses connected with qualitative training and persistent development of personnel engaged with supervisory control and data acquisition for the efficient operation of SCADA-systems within the automation framework of mining and processing plants. Definition of digital systems and their interrelation with multilevel automated control can be incorrect. The review of new principles can awaken interest in the conceptual assessment of digitalization processes using such notions as: numerical models, simulator, and artificial intelligence. Often applied formulations and principles of a digital model are substituted without justification of functional connections. On the other hand, a digital system today can be assumed as robotic lines and other numerical models and smart technologies, for instance, machining stations with numerical program control. It is necessary to define the practical significance of conceptual modifications and digital transformation regarding objects of the mineral sector, using Big Data; to understand how a digital twin can influence a changeable process situation; to provide prompt prediction; to eliminate an accident; and to preserve the physical balance in the whole production system. Such intelligent and flexible productions particularly need computerbased simulators and digital twins based on technologies of Industry 4.0–extended and virtual reality on the basis of digital twins. Digital twins allow maximal simulation of real-life activity of process flow operators. The skills acquired by personnel after such simulation training enable operators to master the optimized procedure for functioning in emergency situations in mineral mining and processing. This paper exemplifies the remote training and control of process flows, which is of concern in the current international situation.

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This study present laboratory experiments carried out for nickel oxide reduction in a reverberatory furnace at medium pressure and a temperature range of 400˚C-1050˚C. Analyses were carried out on nickel nanostructures and their partially reduced metallic nickel products using Zeiss Leo Supra 35 SEM. It became evident from the experimental processes that the reduction process of nickel oxide under those given pressure and temperature conditions can result in fractionation of a dense layer of nickel from the melt surface which is in association with continuous growth of gaseous pores in nickel oxide. Therefore thermodynamic processes and temperature conditions are regarded as the most important factors which play a fundamental role in the reduction process of nickel oxide (gas-metal, or/and oxide-metal). The results indicate a positive correlation between formation mechanism and the rate of reduction of metallic nickel phases upon inter. Our research took a step-by-step assessment of technological processes and a scientific observation on nickel reduction at chemical equilibrium state of an ideal gas was made, and an account was taken with regards to limitations of variables and melting parameters.

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Статья посвящена 150-летнему юбилею Периодической таблицы химических элементов Д.И.Менделеева. Фундаментальный закон природы, открытый Д.И.Менделеевым, имеет аномалии и парадоксы, связанные с некоторыми группами металлов. При изучении физико-химических свойств комплексных металлических соединений можно встретить большое количество несоответствий, а именно, места расположения элементов в группах, которые в первую очередь относятся к металлам с разной валентностью. Изучая подходы и методы прогнозирования расстановки химических элементов, можно установить, что многие различия по некоторым металлам были устранены Д.И.Менделеевым в процессе формирования Периодической системы химических элементов. Д.И.Менделеев выработал принцип, исключающий подобные ошибки при нахождении и открытии новых элементов. Аналитические исследования, проведенные российским ученым, помогли вычислить атомные массы и описать свойства трех элементов, не известных еще в тот период времени -«экабора», «экасилиция», «экаалюминия», существование которых доказано и подтверждено последующими открытиями скандия, германия, бора, галлия. В работе дана значимая оценка прогнозирования металлов в различных группах периодической системы. Изменение свойств некоторых металлов существенно повлияло на их расположение в таблице Д.И.Менделеева.

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Transportation and refining of heavy metal-bearing oil are associated with the problems of localized destruction of metal structures and elements due to corrosion. In the process of equipment operation, it was revealed that premature failure of steel coils of heating tube furnaces at oil refineries and petrochemical plants was associated with insufficient strength and corrosion resistance of the steelwork. The study of the effect that structure and phase composition of 15KH5M-alloy steel elements of heating furnaces at oil refineries have on the corrosion properties, associated with mass loss and localized destructions in the process of heat treatment, allows to develop protective measures and determine heating modes with a rate-limiting step of oxidation. The rate of various corrosion types of 15KH5M steel is used as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the applied modes of coil heat treatment in order to increase their corrosion resistance and improve their operational characteristics. Conducted experiments on heat treatment of certain steel coil sections allowed to determine rational heating modes for the studied coils, which made it possible to reduce their mass loss and increase corrosion resistance of working surfaces in the process of operation. Proposed heat treatment of steel coils at specified intervals of their operation in the tube furnaces creates conditions for their stable performance and affects the degree of industrial and environmental safety, as well as reduces material costs associated with the repair and replacement of individual assemblies and parts of tube furnaces.