Combined production of free-range pigs and energy crops—animal behaviour and crop damages

Horsted, K.; Kongsted, Anne Grete; Jørgensen, Uffe; Sørensen, Jørn Nygaard

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2012.09.006

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During the observation periods of the present study, Iberian pigs spent a mean of 56% of the time resting and 28.5% dedicated to exploratory behaviours, similar to what Horsted et al [30] found in Denmark in cross-bred free-range pigs, where the animals spent 54.4% of the time resting, 19.3% rooting and almost 8% eating allocated feed. Even when, in the Danish study, temperatures were lower than the minimum temperatures registered in the present study, the similarities seem to be a good indicator of what the predominant activity budget is of free-range pigs in general.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Environmental and Management Factors Affecting the Time Budgets of Free-Ranging Iberian Pigs Reared in Spain

Martínez-Macipe

Mainau

Manteca

et al. 2020

Animals

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Understanding the natural behaviour of pigs in free-range conditions facilitates interpretation of their behaviour in intensive conditions. Studying six different farms over two years at different seasons, with climatic and management variations, allowed for a general description of Iberian pig behaviour and which factors have an influence on it. The main activity found was resting (56.5% of the time observed), followed by exploratory behaviour. However, this exploratory behaviour was higher when animals were fed only with natural resources than when fed with concentrates (50% versus 17.8%, respectively). In addition, pigs used bathing areas in summer that were not visited in winter. Negative social behaviour was seen more frequently than positive social behaviour, accounting, in total, for 1% of the total activity of animals. Pigs situated at the centre of the groups tended to remain more relaxed, while the peripheral animals remained more alert and vigilant. Our results indicate that foraging behaviour accounts for a significant proportion of pigs’ active time, but this proportion is much more reduced when pigs are fed concentrates. Therefore, behavioural needs in pigs reared in intensive conditions should consider that exploratory behaviour is reduced when pigs are fed with concentrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Environmental and Management Factors Affecting the Time Budgets of Free-Ranging Iberian Pigs Reared in Spain

Martínez-Macipe

Mainau

Manteca

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…combination of trees and grasses in the same field for grazing animals, might be a viable option because the excretory behaviour of the pigs is influenced by type and position of the various resources in the paddock (Eriksen et al, 2002;Quintern and Sundrum, 2006). Horsted et al (2012) found that growing pigs performed 50% of all excretory behaviour in a zone with willow (Salix spp. ), despite this zone accounting for only 15% of the available outdoor area in the paddocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, their root system is deep and extensive, has moderate soil water requirement and free draining and moist soils abundant under temperate wet climate make them attractive candidates (Bungart and Hüttl, 2004;Petzold et al, 2011). In addition, their hardy wood stem is difficult to be damaged by the pigs, thus, their growth is much less compromised, compared to grass (Horsted et al, 2012;Jørgensen et al, 2018). Under North European pedo-climatic conditions, poplars and willows are able to reduce annual nitrate leaching for N70% if the land use is changed from cereal crops that on sandy soils in Denmark are estimated to leach N70 kg N ha −1 (Hermansen et al, 2017;Pugesgaard et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of poplar trees on nitrogen and water balance in outdoor pig production – A case study in Denmark

Manevski

Jakobsen

Kongsted

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Nitrate leaching from outdoor pig production is a long-standing environmental problem for surface and groundwater pollution. In this study, the effects of inclusion of poplar trees in paddocks for lactating sows on nitrogen (N) balances were studied for an organic pig farm in Denmark. Vegetation conditions, soil water and nitrate dynamics were measured in poplar and grass zones of paddocks belonging to main treatments: access to trees (AT), no access to trees (NAT) and a control without trees (NT), during the hydrological year April 2015 to April 2016. Soil water drainage for each zone, simulated by two simulation models (CoupModel and Daisy), was used to estimate nitrate leaching from the zones in each paddock. N balances (input minus output) for the treatments were computed and compared. The results showed that, in terms of annual water balance and regardless of treatment, simulated evapotranspiration of poplar was 560-569 and 489-498 mm for CoupModel and Daisy, respectively, and corresponding evapotranspiration of grass-clover was 250 and 400 mm, against precipitation of 1076 mm. Simulated drainage below the root zone varied as 620-723 mm for Daisy and 568-958 mm for CoupModel, the higher end of the latter being probably overestimated. Annual nitrate leaching ranged from 32 kg N ha in the poplar zone of NAT up to 289 kg N ha in the control grass zone of NT. The poplar zone showed significantly lower nitrate leaching, by 75-80%, compared to the grass zone. For the control NT treatment, nitrate leaching was approximately 50% higher in the grass zone closest to the hut compared to the grass zone further away. NT treatment also had the largest surface N balance of 468 kg N ha compared to 436 and 397 kg N ha for AT and NAT, respectively. When N losses by leaching and volatilisation were included, soil N balances were 118, 157 and 113 kg N ha for AT, NAT and NT, respectively. Overall, the two simulation models were found useful tools for analyses of water balance for complex agroforestry systems. The findings collectively suggest that it is possible to decrease nitrate leaching from outdoor pig production on sandy soils by inclusion of poplar trees. Additional measures are nevertheless needed to reduce N losses on a mean area basis in paddocks with 20% tree cover.

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“…Temuan di lapangan (Gambar 4) menunjukkan bahwa frekeunsi pemberian pakan bagi ternak peliharaan oleh Pada jenis pakan kombinasi, proses pengolahannya dilakukan bersama-sama (jenis pakan dari sumber yang berbeda dicampur dan dimasak secara bersama). Penelitian yang dilakukan Pattiselanno et al1(999) di Nabire menunjukkan bahwa pakan campuran juga paling dominan diberikan kepada ternak babi peliharaan (46.67%), karena diasumsikan jenis pakan ini dapat dilengkapi keseimbangan nutrisi yang diperlukan untuk babi peliharaan (Fatufe et al, 2007;Horsted et al, 2012;Ogunsipe et al, 2017;Beyihayo et al, 2018;Kongsted et al, 2013). Yang dimaksud dengan pakan campuran ialah variasi dari sisa makanan (baik dari rumah peternak sendiri, atau restoran), limbah pasar (limbah sayur di pasar yang tidak terjual atau bagian yang dibuang karena kualitasnya kurang baik) tetapi masih bisa dimanfaatkan untuk makanan ternak.…”

Section: Frekuensi Pemberian Pakanunclassified

Nutrient Values of Utilization of Crops Wastes as Alternative Pig Feeding Ingredient in The Coastal Agro-Ecological Area of Manokwari, West Papua

Saragih¹,

Lekitoo²,

Iyai³

2021

JIPT

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The purpose of this study was to determine the potential nutritional value of livestock feed ingredients from agricultural products and their waste (by-product / residues) that had been utilized by pig farmers in Manokwari. This research was conducted by a survey method of some agricultural commodity-based animal feed sources and their associated results at 10 sampling locations. Feeds are collected and analyzed according to the proximate analysis of feed ingredients at the Nutrition and Animal Feed laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University. Samples of farmers are chosen purposely on smallholder farmers who have been utilizing these feed sources. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study found that feed was used by combining food waste originating from markets, restaurants, fried food sellers, fish auctions, garden products and kitchen wastes (swill-feed). Types of feed from various sources are mixed and cooked together before being given to pigs. Food waste is obtained free of charge, but there is a small portion that buys and a combination of both. Feeding is practiced 1-3 times a day. Nutrient content (g/100 g) in the form of water was 9.47, PK 25.10, fat 11.75 g, SK 7.96, GE 4308.90, ash 8.58, Ca 2.35 and P 0.94. The SNI standards have met the standard criteria to be prepared and given to pigs.

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Combined production of free-range pigs and energy crops—animal behaviour and crop damages

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Environmental and Management Factors Affecting the Time Budgets of Free-Ranging Iberian Pigs Reared in Spain

Environmental and Management Factors Affecting the Time Budgets of Free-Ranging Iberian Pigs Reared in Spain

Effect of poplar trees on nitrogen and water balance in outdoor pig production – A case study in Denmark

Nutrient Values of Utilization of Crops Wastes as Alternative Pig Feeding Ingredient in The Coastal Agro-Ecological Area of Manokwari, West Papua

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