Combination of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry for 3D modelling and degradation assessment of heritage building based on a lighting analysis: case study—St. Adalbert Church in Gdansk, Poland

Abstract

The construction of the St. Adalbert Church in Gdansk dates to 1310. It is a church of rich history and great historical value, and its care is challenging. In this study, the combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to accurately build a 3D model of the church. Together with the collected historical inventory documentation, the historic building information model (HBIM) was generated. The Autodesk-Revit® tool was used for this purpose. On the basis of the generated model, the reflection properties of the laser scanner beam and red–green–blue (RGB) images, a methodology was proposed for analysing the degradation of the church’s components. The main hypothesis of this study is based on the analysis of sunlight outside the church. In addition to the importance of the method for determining the risks of church degradation, a high-quality method for model visualization combining two photogrammetric techniques (TLS + UAV) is presented.

Railway Bridge Geometry Assessment Supported by Cutting-Edge Reality Capture Technologies and 3D As-Designed Models

“…The hybrid registration of LiDAR and UAV photogrammetry technologies enables the creation of complete models of complex objects by employing each one in settings that provide the best operating circumstances. However, when acquiring a spatial model, one of the objectives is to create the point cloud model with the highest possible accuracy for the modeling stage [37]. As a result, robust registration algorithms were proposed to merge LIDAR technology with SfM-based UAVs in such specialized platforms [19,20], e.g., ContextCapture, RealityCapture, Metashape, and CloudCompare.…”

Three-Dimensional Digitization of Documentation and Perpetual Preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings at Risk of Liquidation and Loss—The Methodology and Case Study of St Adalbert’s Church in Chicago

“…The author in [2] points out that obtaining digital 3D models allows for wear measurements of the external structure of the object and analysis of its surfaces and their colors. This applies to both small museum objects [3][4][5][6][7], sculptures and statues [8][9][10], as well as large architectural objects [11][12][13][14][15][16] or archaeological sites [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Data acquisition activities in 3D technology are carried out by various scientific and research communities representing many research centers in Europe (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Portugal, but also recently in Poland and Romania) and across the world: China, the USA, Australia, Japan and recently also Egypt, Iran and Uzbekistan [23].…”

“…Among the works on the digitization of architectural objects, most of them concern 3D scanning of the external structure [11,[13][14][15][16], and only some refer to the interior [1,35,36].…”

Three-Dimensional Modeling and Non-Invasive Diagnosis of a Huge and Complex Heritage Building: The Patriarchal Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta in Aquileia (Udine, Italy)

“…For these reasons, an integrated use of the two methods is recommended during the analysis of complex cultural heritage considering the specific necessities of each diagnostic study. Regarding built cultural heritage, many authors report applications of indirect surveys to identify phenomena of degradation occurring over time such as cracking of walls and columns, presence of humidity, and irregularity of the structure in plan and height [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”