Combination of platelet-rich plasma within periodontal ligament stem cell sheets enhances cell differentiation and matrix production

Abstract

The longstanding goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate periodontal tissues. Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been gaining increasing popularity for use in the orofacial region, whether PRP is useful for periodontal regeneration is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a mixture of periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) sheets and PRP promoted bone regeneration, one of the most important measurement indices of periodontal tissue regenerative capability in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different doses of PRP on the differentiation of human PDLSCs. Then cell sheet formation, extracellular matrix deposition and osteogenic gene expression in response to different doses of PRP treatment during sheet grafting was investigated. Furthermore, we implanted PDLSC sheets treated with 1% PRP subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice to evaluate their bone-regenerative capability. The results revealed that 1% PRP significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Based on the production of extracellular matrix proteins, the results of scanning electron microscopy and the expression of the osteogenic genes ALP, Runx2, Col-1 and OCN, the provision of 1% PRP for PDLSC sheets was the most effective PRP administration mode for cell sheet formation. The results of in vivo transplantation showed that 1% PRP-mediated PDLSC sheets exhibited better periodontal tissue regenerative capability than those obtained without PRP intervention. These data suggest that a suitable concentration of PRP stimulation may enhance extracellular matrix production and positively affect cell behaviour in PDLSC sheets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Age-related decline in the matrix contents and functional properties of human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets

“…Defining the mechanisms involved in stem cell aging is important because reversal of this process can delay the effects of aging and enhance regeneration [63,64]. Accumulating data have demonstrated the positive effects of various biological agents and growth factor-including preparations on dental stem cells, suggesting the possibility to manipulate stem cells to enhance their therapeutic efficacy [23,25,65,66]. Given the pivotal role of the niche in determining stem cell functions, new anti-aging strategies have recently emerged to decrease the age-related dysfunction of stem cells, including, but not limited to, the treatment of cells with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [67] and the modulation of cells by a young extrinsic microenvironment [26].…”

“…If cell sheet technology is used for cell delivery, the functionality of the cell sheets used in the trials, which may be influenced by the cell populations employed [21] as well as by the methods used for cell sheet production [23][24][25], must be predicted. Previously published data have demonstrated that the multipotent capacity and regenerative potential of human PDLSCs are severely compromised with increasing donor age [26,27].…”

A Comparison of Platelet Count and Enrichment Percentages in the Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Obtained Following Preparation by Three Different Methods

“…PRP has been used in recent times for management of intrabony defect [11], gingival recession [12], as a part of tissue engineering protocols [13]. A recent systematic review and meta analysis on the usefulness of autologous platelet concentrates on intrabony defect management revealed that PRP has a significant additive effect when used along with bone grafts for regeneration of intrabony defects [14].…”

Composite cell sheet for periodontal regeneration: crosstalk between different types of MSCs in cell sheet facilitates complex periodontal-like tissue regeneration

“…Therefore, the construction of a physiologically similar microenvironment to that which produces and maintains the periodontal ligament is important. Previous studies have focused on the change in the gene expression and protein secretion of the seed cells through gene transfection [47] or on the provision of beneficial environments to seed cells by using the cell culture supplements derived from plasma that is rich in growth factors [48] or conditioned medium derived from embryonic cells [49]. However, all these methods have limitations.…”