Combination of molecular data support the existence of three main lineages in the phylogeny of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the basal position of the subfamily Lachninae

A theory about the evolutionary history of Lachnidae and comments on the results of some molecular phylogenetic studies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea)

“…ORTIZ-RIVAS & MARTINEZ-TORRES (2010) reconstructed Lachnidae as the sister group to all remaining aphids. In contrast HEIE (1980) andWOJCIECHOWSKI (1992) considered Lachnidae as being one of the youngest families within Aphidoidea.…”

Is the subfamily Eriosomatinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) monophyletic?

“…Molecular phylogeny of Aphidoidea based on mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA sequences (12S) involving abbreviated sampling efforts showed no clear topology of Aphididae beyond the tribal taxonomic category, and most of the tribes clustered in parallel to form a large paraphyletic group, including the 3 tribes of Eriosomatinae (von Dohlen and Moran, 2000) (Figure 1b). Results based on subunit 6 of the F-ATPase complex (ATP-6) showed a similar topology (Martínez-Torres et al, 2001); similarly, in the phylogenetic tree based on 2 nuclear genes (LWO and EF-1α) and 2 mitochondrial genes , the 3 tribes of Eriosomatinae (10 sampled species) clustered polyphyletically with Hormaphidinae, Mindarinae, Anoeciinae, and Thelaxinae together to form an "E+T" clade (Ortiz-Rivas et al, 2010) (Figure 1c). Additionally, a phylogeny of Eriosomatinae based on EF-1α was paraphyletic, as well (Zhang and Qiao, 2008) (Figure 1d).…”

“…in 24 genera of Eriosomatinae. Representative species of related subfamilies of the "E+T" clade in Aphididae (Ortiz-Rivas et al, 2010) and Phylloxerina salicis and Daktulosphaira vitifoliae in Phylloxeridae, some of which were utilized as out-groups in previous studies Ortiz-Rivas et al, 2004Zhang and Qiao, 2008). However, the interrelations of the out-groups and the in-group still need investigation.…”

“…In this study, we sampled 42 species in 24 genera of Eriosomatinae, including most Zhang and Chen (1999), based on morphology; b) Moran and von Dohlen (2000), based on 12S, partial topology, 8 sampled species; c) Ortiz-Rivas et al (2010), based on LWO combined with other genes, partial topology, 10 sampled species; d) Zhang and Qiao (2008), based on EF-1α, 25 sampled species, but only 2 species in Eriosomatini. genera of Eriosomatinae distributed in China and all other genera, with sequences available in the GenBank; utilized 4 gene markers to build multigene datasets; and reconstructed the phylogeny within Eriosomatinae with maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference (BI) algorithms.…”

European species of the aphid genus Eulachnus Del Guercio, 1909 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae): revision and molecular phylogeny

“…Such methods have been particularly useful for closely-related species of aphids that are often only slightly differentiated morphologically, with the existence of different morphs causing further complications (Foottit et al 2008;Lagos 2014;Miller et al 2014;Massimino Cocuzza & Cavalieri 2014, 2015Mróz et al 2015;Lee et al 2015). Molecular methods have also been used extensively for studying the phylogeny of higher categories of aphid taxa (Normark 2000;von Dohlen 2002;Zhang & Qiao 2007Ortiz-Rivas & Martínez-Torres 2010;Wieczorek & Kajtoch 2011;Chen et al 2016;Wieczorek et al 2017).…”