European species of the aphid genus Eulachnus Del Guercio, 1909 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae): revision and molecular phylogeny

Abstract

The aphid genus Eulachnus in Europe is revised to include 12 species, using an integrative taxonomy approach, based on morphometric, molecular and biological traits. Fundatrix, apterous and alate viviparous female of a new species–Eulachnus stekolshchikovi Kanturski sp. nov. are described. Neotypes are designated for E. agilis, E. brevipilosus and E. nigricola. Lectotypes are designated for E. alticola, E. cembrae, E. rileyi and E. tuberculostemmatus. New synonyms are proposed: E. abameleki syn. nov. (= Cinara pini), E. cretaceus syn. nov. (= E. agilis), E. tauricus syn. nov. (= E. rileyi), E. pallidus syn. nov. (= E. tuberculostemmatus). Eulachnus mingazzinii (near Cinara piniphila) and E. nigrofasciatus (near C. brauni) are regarded as incertae sedis. Full species status is given for E. garganicus stat. nov. and E. ibericus stat. nov. Apterous viviparous female of E. cembrae; apterous and alate viviparous females of remaining species are redescribed. Sexual morphs of E. agilis, E. alticola, E. cembrae, E. intermedius, E. nigricola, E. rileyi and oviparous female of E. tuberculostemmatus are fully redescribed and figured for the first time. Fundatrices of E. agilis, E. brevipilosus, E. cembrae, E. rileyi and E. tuberculostemmatus, sexuales of E. brevipilosus and the alate male of E. tuberculostemmatus are described and figured. A new host plant–Pinus cembra for E. brevipilosus is reported, and this species is recorded for the first time from Czech Republic. Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus is reported for the first time from Croatia. Phylogenetic studies, based on the COI and ITS2 molecular markers, are provided to visualize and discuss the relationships within the European species. COI barcodes are provided for seven species.

The relationships within the Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) inferred from molecular-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data

“…Such incongruence also occurs at lower taxonomic levels. Most of the attempts to identify phylogenetic relationships based on molecular data are for Aphidinae [53–55,58,82–83], Eriosomatinae [59,84–87], Hormaphidinae [88–91] and Lachninae [57,92–95]. Analyses based on a total-evidence dataset are rather rare [37,91].…”

The biology and ecology of pine aphid, Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its demographic responses to environmental changes

“…In our study, only nymphs and viviparous females were found during the sampling period; no sexual morphs were found. Although E. tuberculostemmatus has been known as a holocyclic species and its sexual morphs have been described (Kanturski et al, 2017), it seems to be anholocyclic in our region. Wieczorek et al (2013) reported sexuales of Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkorsky) from Isfahan, Iran, and concluded that the Isfahan climate (with hot summer and cold winter) is favourable for the production of sexual morphs of aphids.…”

“…The palaearctic genus Eulachnus possesses 12-18 morphologically described species (Kanturski et al, 2015(Kanturski et al, , 2017, which usually feed in small groups of several individuals, including one to three adult females and a few larvae (Kanturski & Wieczorek, 2014;Blackman & Eastop, 2019). They are always associated with Pinus spp.…”

“…and subsequently observed in the Middle East (Pintera, 1968; Tremblay & Micieli de Biase, 1970), the Canary Islands (Nieto Nafría, 1972), mainland Spain (Nieto Nafría, 1975), Italy (Binazzi, 1983) and Turkey (Toros et al ., 2002). This species has been present in China, since the 2000s (Qiao et al ., 2002), and was also detected in Greece (Kavallieratos et al ., 2007), Malta (Mifsud et al ., 2011) and recently in Tajikistan (Kanturski et al ., 2015), Algeria (Hedjam et al ., 2017), Russia and Crimea (Kanturski et al ., 2017). There is little information on the biology and population dynamics of E. tuberculostemmatus and factors that influence them.…”

DNA barcoding and a precise morphological comparison revealed a cryptic species in the Nippolachnus piri complex (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae)

“…This type of accessory sensilla arrangement is different than in the other lachnids that have been analysed to date. In the Eulachnini genus Eulachnus , the accessory sensilla are located under the major rhinarium (large placoid sensillum) 46 , while in Pseudessigella one (small placoid sensillum) is separated from the others and is located on the side of the major rhinarium 47 . Although only the arrangement of sensilla of Tuberolachnus salignus is so far known in the tribe Tuberolachnini, it is very different from that of Nippolachnus in which all of the accessory rhinaria are arranged linearly on the side of the major rhinarium, in all of the cases that are known, the accessory rhinaria lie on the basal part of the last antennal segment 48 .…”