The relationships within the Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) inferred from molecular-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data

Abstract

The Chaitophorinae is a bionomically diverse Holarctic subfamily of Aphididae. The current classification includes two tribes: the Chaitophorini associated with deciduous trees and shrubs, and Siphini that feed on monocotyledonous plants. We present the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the subfamily, based on molecular and morphological datasets. Molecular analyses were based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear gene elongation factor-1α (EF-1α). Phylogenetic inferences were obtained individually on each of genes and joined alignments using Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML). In phylogenetic trees reconstructed on the basis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes as well as a morphological dataset, the monophyly of Siphini and the genus Chaitophorus was supported. Periphyllus forms independent lineages from Chaitophorus and Siphini. Within this genus two clades comprising European and Asiatic species, respectively, were indicated. Concerning relationships within the subfamily, EF-1α and joined COI and EF-1α genes analysis strongly supports the hypothesis that Chaitophorini do not form a monophyletic clade. Periphyllus is a sister group to a clade containing Chaitophorus and Siphini. The Asiatic unit of Periphyllus also includes Trichaitophorus koyaensis. The analysis of morphological dataset under equally weighted parsimony also supports the view that Chaitophorini is an artificial taxon, as Lambersaphis pruinosae and Pseudopterocomma hughi, both traditionally included in the Chaitophorini, formed independent lineages. COI analyses support consistent groups within the subfamily, but relationships between groups are poorly resolved. These analyses were extended to include the species of closely related and phylogenetically unstudied subfamily Drepanosiphinae, which produced congruent results. Genera Drepanosiphum and Depanaphis are monophyletic and sister. The position of Yamatocallis tokyoensis differs in the molecular and morphological analyses, i.e. it is either an independent lineage (EF-1α, COI, joined COI and EF-1α genes) or is nested inside this unit (morphology). Our data also support separation of Chaitophorinae from Drepanosiphinae.

Phylogeny of drepanosiphine aphids sensu lato (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) inferred from molecular and morphological data

“…A molecular phylogeny of Aphididae based on limited gene sequences also indicated that Drepanosiphinae and Chaitophorinae may be sister groups ( von Dohlen and Moran 2000 ; Ortiz-Rivas et al 2004 ; Ortiz-Rivas and Martínez-Torres 2010 ) and could even be combined in a single unit ( von Dohlen 2009 ). Wieczorek et al (2017) further discussed the relationship between these 2 subfamilies inferred from a molecular-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data and supported the separation of Chaitophorinae from Drepanosiphinae. Unfortunately, Wieczorek et al (2017) only sampled these 2 species groups and did not combine molecular and morphological data to discuss their relationships in the evolutionary framework of Aphididae.…”

“… Wieczorek et al (2017) further discussed the relationship between these 2 subfamilies inferred from a molecular-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data and supported the separation of Chaitophorinae from Drepanosiphinae. Unfortunately, Wieczorek et al (2017) only sampled these 2 species groups and did not combine molecular and morphological data to discuss their relationships in the evolutionary framework of Aphididae. However, the non-sister groups Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae were also revealed by other molecular phylogenetic inferences ( Nováková et al 2013 ), even based on mitochondrial genome sequences ( Chen et al 2017 ).…”

Genetic data of museum specimens allow for inferring evolutionary history of the cosmopolitan genusSirthenea(Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

“…6 and 7) and morphological analyses (Fig. 5) is not uncommon issue (Wieczorek et al, 2017; Tang et al, 2018) as both data source often suggest conflicting results. We carefully evaluated a possibility of either splitting Sirthenea into several genera, or including the other genera into our studied genus.…”

Faunistic Review of the Genus Chaitophorus Koch, 1854 (Aphididae, Chaitophorinae, Chaitophorini) With New Record Species for Iraq Aphid Fauna

“…The subfamily Chaitophorinae (Homoptera: Aphididae) divided into two tribes Chaitophorini and Siphini, comprises about 170 species within 12 genera (Wieczorek et al, 2017); the distribution range of this subfamily is mainly in the Palaearctic (about 80% of species), and Nearctic region (Wieczorek, 2010;Zhu et al, 2017).…”