A theory about the evolutionary history of Lachnidae and comments on the results of some molecular phylogenetic studies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Several characters of the Lachnidae are discussed, and it is explained why some of them are not plesiomorphies as previously believed, but apomorphies. This applies e.g. to the absence of host alternation in the extant genera, to the short cauda and to the presence of compound eyes in the nymphs and the apterous adults. Some characters are adaptations to attention by ants or ways of feeding. It is concluded that many characters show that the family is relatively young and probably originally had host alternation of the same kind as Aphididae, which is regarded as the sister group. The results of some molecular phylogenetic studies are discussed.

First Formal Report of an Adventive Species, Illinoia (Masonaphis) lambersi (Hemiptera, Aphididae), from Japan

“…As examples in other regions, in California, USA, pink (corresponding to type 2) and green (type 1) were reported (Hille Ris Lambers 1966). Secondly, in Skive, Denmark, green (type 1) and yellow (type 3) were reported (Heie 1995). Lastly, in Copenhagen, Denmark, all three varieties were reported (Heie 1995).…”

“…Secondly, in Skive, Denmark, green (type 1) and yellow (type 3) were reported (Heie 1995). Lastly, in Copenhagen, Denmark, all three varieties were reported (Heie 1995). From the reports above, the degree of the body color variation of I .…”

First records of the invasive aphid species, Aphis spiraecola, in Kosovo, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom and Denmark

“…In the case of the United Kingdom, although A. spiraecola was recorded on an imported Yukka rooted stem consignment (Furk 1979) and on Cotoneaster shrubs in London (Martin 1996), there has not been any evidence of its constant presence (CABI 2020). Heie (1986) listed A. spiraecola as a species that is not present in Denmark, and to our knowledge, this species was not previously known to occur in Kosovo, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic (CABI 2020).…”

The Fern-Feeder Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from China: A Generic Account, Descriptions of One New Genus, One New Species, One New Subspecies, and Keys

“…Aphid terminology in this paper generally follows Heie (1994) and Qiao et al (2006). The measurements are in millimeters.…”