Colorectal cancer screening

Chan, Pak Wo; Ngu, Jing Hieng; Poh, Zhongxian; Soetikno, Roy

doi:10.11622/smedj.2017004

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Various colorectal cancer hereditary syndromes, as well as sporadic colonic adenoma patients, may particularly benefit from our developed assay due to the ease of accessing tissue for diagnosis. For example, colonoscopies are routinely performed for CRC screening, coupled with polyp removal and histopathological examination . Our assay could utilize the residual biopsy for 5‐hmC quantification and determination of risk profile, polyp resection adequacy and areas at risk in the colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, colonoscopies are routinely performed for CRC screening, coupled with polyp removal and histopathological examination. 18,44 Our assay could utilize the residual biopsy for 5-hmC quantification and determination of risk profile, polyp resection adequacy and areas at risk in the colon. This data may complement histopathological examinations of colon specimens and assist pathologists in cases for which morphological properties are controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current gold‐standard for CRC prevention is colonoscopy and precancerous polyp removal, which has been shown to prevent CRC morbidity and mortality . The relatively long adenoma‐to‐carcinoma interval in the colon enables timely diagnosis and removal of colonic adenomas that are found in more than 20% of screened adults over the age of 50, some of which already display asymptomatic early‐stage CRC . Biopsies obtained via colonoscopy also enable diagnosis of CRC by combining histopathological examination with associated molecular markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 The relatively long adenoma-to-carcinoma interval in the colon enables timely diagnosis and removal of colonic adenomas that are found in more than 20% of screened adults over the age of 50, some of which already display asymptomatic early-stage CRC. [18][19][20] Biopsies obtained via colonoscopy also enable diagnosis of CRC by combining histopathological examination with associated molecular markers. Measurements of epigenetic marks may potentially provide an additional molecular diagnostic layer for risk evaluation and more appropriate surveillance frequency to prevent interval cancers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine as a clinical biomarker: Fluorescence‐based assay for high‐throughput epigenetic quantification in human tissues

Margalit

Avraham

Shahal

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epigenetic transformations may provide early indicators for cancer and other disease. Specifically, the amount of genomic 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC) was shown to be globally reduced in a wide range of cancers. The integration of this global biomarker into diagnostic workflows is hampered by the limitations of current 5‐hmC quantification methods. Here we present and validate a fluorescence‐based platform for high‐throughput and cost‐effective quantification of global genomic 5‐hmC levels. We utilized the assay to characterize cancerous tissues based on their 5‐hmC content, and observed a pronounced reduction in 5‐hmC level in various cancer types. We present data for glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and pancreatic cancer, compared to corresponding controls. Potentially, the technique could also be used to follow response to treatment for personalized treatment selection. We present initial proof‐of‐concept data for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine as a clinical biomarker: Fluorescence‐based assay for high‐throughput epigenetic quantification in human tissues

Margalit

Avraham

Shahal

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…At least 40% of age-eligible adults do not adhere to screening guidelines (4). Faucal immunochemical and occult blood tests are advised, but the 70% sensitivity must be improved (5). Molecular screening methods examining abnormal protein and mRNA expression, and gene mutations, are conducted on a large scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of Novel Serum Autoantibody Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises a large proportion of malignant tumors, and early detection of CRC is critical for effective treatment and optimal prognosis. We aimed to discover and validate serum autoantibodies for early detection of CRC. Methods: Combined with CRC-associated autoantibodies discovered by serological proteome and multiplex analyses, 26 predefined autoantibodies were evaluated in 315 samples (130 CRCs, 75 advanced adenomas, and 110 healthy controls) by protein microarray analysis. Autoantibodies with potential detection value were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the biomarkers. Results: Four serum autoantibodies (ALDH1B1, UQCRC1, CTAG1, and CENPF) showed statistically different levels between patients with advanced neoplasm (CRC or advanced adenoma) and controls in microarray analysis, which were validated by ELISAs. Among the four biomarkers, the ALDH1B1 autoantibody showed the highest detection value with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.70 and 0.74 to detect CRC and advanced adenoma with sensitivities of 75.68 and 62.31% and specificities of 63.06 and 73.87%, respectively. By combining the four biomarkers, the performance was improved with an AUC of 0.79 to detect CRC and advanced adenomas. Conclusion: The ALDH1B1 autoantibody has a good potential for early detection of CRC and advanced adenoma, and measuring serum autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens may improve detection of early CRC.

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CD30+OX40+ Treg is associated with improved overall survival in colorectal cancer

Lam¹,

Hong²,

Koo

et al. 2021

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are often enriched in tumors, where their immunosuppressive function has a key role in tumor persistence and progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), however, Tregs are frequently associated with an improved clinical outcome. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs have been shown to exhibit a distinct signature comprising the co-stimulatory molecules (OX40, 4-1BB), cytokine receptors (IL1R2, IL21R, CCR8, CD30), and co-inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, TIGIT). Here, we showed by flow cytometry that circulating CD45RO+ Tregs from patients with CRC (n = 25) have elevated CD30 and OX40 expression compared to healthy subjects (n = 14). We identified co-expression of CD30 and OX40 on circulating CD45RO+ Tregs using single-cell images captured by the DEPArray™ system. The frequency of CD30+OX40+CD45RO+ Tregs was significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Importantly, receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that this CD30+OX40+ Treg subset could strongly discriminate between CRC patients and healthy subjects with the highest accuracy of 92.3%, an AUC of 0.92, a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 82.35%, and a trade-off value of 3.44%, compared to other Treg subsets. Consistently, multiplex-IHC/IF of tumor-infiltrating Tregs revealed a significant association between high densities of CD30+OX40+ Tregs and improved overall survival; no such association was found for other subsets. These data suggest a potential role for CD30+OX40+ Tregs as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in CRC.

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Colorectal cancer screening

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine as a clinical biomarker: Fluorescence‐based assay for high‐throughput epigenetic quantification in human tissues

5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine as a clinical biomarker: Fluorescence‐based assay for high‐throughput epigenetic quantification in human tissues

Identification and Validation of Novel Serum Autoantibody Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma

CD30+OX40+ Treg is associated with improved overall survival in colorectal cancer

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