Color Vision Defects in School Going Children

Shrestha, Rajendra; Joshi, Mahesh Raj; Shakya, Subarna; Ghising, R

doi:10.31729/jnma.15

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They are commonly suffered. 1 None of the girls in our study were found to be color blind, which corroborates with the some researches done in Nepal, 8,9 India, 12 Spain, 13 but in few studies color blindness were detected among girls, 0.40%, 14 0.84%, 3 2.56%. 7 This higher occurrence of the condition in males suggests that the prevalence of CVD in the population is gender specific.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University

Jha¹,

Khadka

Gautam³

et al. 2018

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Introduction: Color blindness is X-linked recessive inherited disorder that occurs mostly in males and is transmitted through females. Many people with color blindness may remain undetected. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the incidence of color blindness among undergraduates of Kathmandu University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 825 undergraduates, aged 17-25 years, from June to August 2018, in Kathmandu University, Kavre, Nepal. The Ishihara plates were used to evaluate the color vision of students under natural day light condition.Results: Study revealed that 24 (2.9%) undergraduates were color blind which include 24 male (5%) and no female. Among the color blind, five (20.3%), three (12.5%), two (8.33%) and 14 (58.33%) males were the victims of deuteranomaly, deuteranopia, protanomalia and total color blindness respectively. Color blindness is prevalent among the Brahmin 10 (3.9%), followed by Chettri 10 (2.72%) and Newar 4 (2.24%). Conclusions: Prevalence of color blindness is found to be higher in males 24 (5%) than females 0 (0%). Total color blindness is the most prevalent in our study. Screening enables the students to become aware of limitations and devise ways of overcoming them.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University

Jha¹,

Khadka

Gautam³

et al. 2018

J Nepal Med Assoc

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“…In the United States, several studies that looked at the prevalence of CVD have reported CVD prevalence in boys ranging from 2.6% to 7.6% and in girls from 0.5% to 1.3%. 8,10, 11, 20,26,34,35 The finding of higher prevalence in males is consistent with the fact that red and green pigment genes involved in color vision are located on the X chromosome, making congenital CVD much more common in boys than in girls. Racial and ethnic differences in CVD prevalence have been reported, 2, 9,10,36 with the prevalence consistently 6% or higher in racial groups such as European whites and lower prevalences in African and Hispanic populations.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Color Vision Deficiency in Preschool Children

et al. 2014

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Purpose To determine the sex- and ethnicity-specific prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) in black, Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white preschool children. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study is a population-based evaluation of the prevalence of vision disorders in children in Southern California. A total of 5960 subjects 30 to 72 months of age were recruited for the study, of whom 4177 were able to complete color vision testing (1265 black, 812 Asian, 1280 Hispanic, and 820 non-Hispanic white). Methods Color vision testing was performed using Color Vision Testing Made Easy color plates (Home Vision Care, Gulf Breeze, FL), and diagnostic confirmatory testing was performed using the Waggoner HRR Diagnostic Test color plates (Home Vision Care). Main Outcome Measures Testability of color vision in preschool children between 30 and 72 months of age and prevalence of CVD stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity. Results Testability was 17% in children younger than 37 months of age, increasing to 57% in children 37 to 48 months of age, 89% in children 49 to 60 months of age, and 98% in children 61 to 72 months of age. The prevalence of CVD among boys was 1.4% for black, 3.1% for Asian, 2.6% for Hispanic, and 5.6% for non-Hispanic white children; the prevalence in girls was 0.0% to 0.5% for all ethnicities. The ethnic difference in CVD was statistically significant between black and non-Hispanic white children (P = 0.0003) and between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children (P = 0.02). In boys, most CVD cases were either deutan (51%) or protan (34%); 32% were classified as mild, 15% as moderate, and 41% as severe. Conclusions Testability for CVD in preschool children is high by 4 years of age. The prevalence of CVD in preschool boys varies by ethnicity, with the highest prevalence in non-Hispanic white and lowest in black children.

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“…Of the male population, 3.9% had colour vision defects while none of the female was found with the deficiency. 13 Previous studies done of school going children and the elder age group from 15-45 years showed the report of prevalence i.e., 8.48% and 4.9%. 14,15 Osuobeni conducted a study in which the children showed the prevalence rate of 2.9% of colour blindness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Colour Blindness Among School Children in Mandya District, Karnataka

Basavaraj¹,

Ramamurthy²,

Shiveshi³

2019

jemds

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BACKGROUND Many people suffer from colour blindness but most of them remain undetected. Hence screening at the level of school going age leads to early detection and helps in guiding them in studies and professional choices. We wanted to find the prevalence of colour blindness in the age group of 11-15 years of school going children and to compare the prevalence rate between male and female students in Mandya district, Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional observational study was done on 1571 students from four different schools of the same city to assess the prevalence of colour blindness. Students were examined with Ishihara Pseudoisochromatic Colour Plates 38 th Edition. If the student was found to be colour blind, the student was further classified into different types of colour blindness. The data collected was then analysed to evaluate the prevalence of colour blindness, compare the prevalence between male and female students. RESULTS A total of 1571 students were evaluated from 4 different schools of the Mandya district among which 897 (57.09%) were males and 674 (42.90%) were female students who were in the age group between 11-15 years. The prevalence of colour blindness was found to be 1.4% (23 students out of 1571 students). Colour blindness was seen in 21 (1.3%) male students and 2 (0.1%) female students. Among the colour blind, 20 (1.2%) were protanopes, 3 (0.2%) were deuteranopes and none were tritanope. Males were affected more than female students. CONCLUSION Significant male population suffers from the congenital colour vision disorder. Those with congenital colour vision disorder should be properly examined early for colour vision disorder to rule out colour blindness in school children. Proper guidance can then be given to students about leaning pattern and even in finding an appropriate job/profession.

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Color Vision Defects in School Going Children

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University

Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University

Color Vision Deficiency in Preschool Children

Prevalence of Colour Blindness Among School Children in Mandya District, Karnataka

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