BACKGROUND Many people suffer from colour blindness but most of them remain undetected. Hence screening at the level of school going age leads to early detection and helps in guiding them in studies and professional choices. We wanted to find the prevalence of colour blindness in the age group of 11-15 years of school going children and to compare the prevalence rate between male and female students in Mandya district, Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional observational study was done on 1571 students from four different schools of the same city to assess the prevalence of colour blindness. Students were examined with Ishihara Pseudoisochromatic Colour Plates 38 th Edition. If the student was found to be colour blind, the student was further classified into different types of colour blindness. The data collected was then analysed to evaluate the prevalence of colour blindness, compare the prevalence between male and female students. RESULTS A total of 1571 students were evaluated from 4 different schools of the Mandya district among which 897 (57.09%) were males and 674 (42.90%) were female students who were in the age group between 11-15 years. The prevalence of colour blindness was found to be 1.4% (23 students out of 1571 students). Colour blindness was seen in 21 (1.3%) male students and 2 (0.1%) female students. Among the colour blind, 20 (1.2%) were protanopes, 3 (0.2%) were deuteranopes and none were tritanope. Males were affected more than female students. CONCLUSION Significant male population suffers from the congenital colour vision disorder. Those with congenital colour vision disorder should be properly examined early for colour vision disorder to rule out colour blindness in school children. Proper guidance can then be given to students about leaning pattern and even in finding an appropriate job/profession.
BACKGROUND Previous study reports suggest an association between deranged metabolism of serum sodium and serum potassium with age related cataracts. The present study was aimed to compare the mean serum sodium and potassium levels between the senile cataract patients and patients without senile cataract, but in the same age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case control study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Mandya district. A total of 120 Individuals were included, who were aged above 50 years of age, who came to our department of ophthalmology; they were divided into case group (with cataract and control group (without cataract). The mean levels of serum sodium and potassium between two groups were calculated and compared. RESULTS 120 patients were included in the study. Out of which 60 patients belonged to cataract group (case group) and 60 patients belonged to without cataract group (control group). Mean serum sodium levels in senile cataract group (Case Group) and without cataract group (Control Group) was 140.32 ± 3.19 and 138.90 ± 2.77 meq/L which was clinically significant (0.011). Mean serum potassium level in cataract and without cataract group was 4.11 ± 0.47 meq/L and 4.36 + 0.39 meq/L which was clinically significant (0.003). CONCLUSION Serum sodium level was found to be higher in case group suggesting one of the aetiopathogenesis for cataract formation. Hence higher sodium dietary intake could be a risk factor, which can be delayed with low dietary intake of sodium.
BACKGROUND Contaminated ocular eye drops represent the potential source of preventable ocular infection. The present study was carried out for determining the patterns and magnitude of microbiological contamination of the ocular eye drops in an outpatient clinic in the Ophthalmology Department. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Mandya district. A total of 60 eye drop bottles used for more than a month were gathered for nearly 6 months. The samples were assembled from the residual fluid present in the bottle and the tip of the dropper. These collected drops are then inoculated on the plates of different culture media such as blood agar and MacConkey agar, and the resultant growth of microbial organisms were then identified using the standard microbial identification techniques. RESULTS 9 out of 60 analyzed bottles showed contamination. The identified bacteria belonged to commensal flora in the eye. The contaminants isolated had coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Acinetobacter and Micrococci. The dropper tips (n=6) were found to be contaminated more than the residual fluid (n=1). Two (n=2) of the bottles showed contamination in both the tip and residual fluid. The mean contamination percentage for this study is 15% which is equal to that of other studies. CONCLUSIONS According to our study, the contamination rate was found to be 15 % which specifies the correct handling and proper application of eye drops. The health care professionals or providers should be aware of this and they must educate the patients and the relatives accompanying them about proper usage of the eye drops.
A 25-year-old female patient from Mandya, Karnataka came to Ophthalmology OPD at Vasan Eye Care, Bangalore. Complaint of headache since one month. Headache initially was bi-frontal then gradually become holocranial. Headache was more at night causing patients to wake up from sleep. She was complaining of blurring of vision at peak of headache. Headache used to subside with oral analgesics. No history of vomiting or loss of consciousness or seizure with no other symptoms of raised intra cranial pressure were found. On examination, patient was conscious and alert with normal mental function. Normal visual acuity of 6/6 in both eye with normal colour vision test and visual field test were found. On fundus examination, bilateral grade 2 papilledema was seen. Ophthalmoscopic examination: Fundus showed swelling of disc with elevation and obscuration of >1 segment of the major blood vessels, peripapillary halo, splinter haemorrhages and exudates. Right Eye-Grade II Papilledema (Bilateral Blurred Disc; Margins in the Right Optic Nerve; Haemorrhages and Cotton Wool Patches seen)
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