Colonisation et rapatriement au Lac-Saint-Jean (1895-1905)

The failure of French Canadians to settle the Canadian west before 1900, when substantial numbers of anglophones and Europeans were migrating, is a long-standing puzzle. Historians have relied mainly on cultural explanations. Using new data, we demonstrate that anglophones and francophones had very different personal characteristics, so that movement to the west was rarely economically attractive for francophones. However, large-scale migration into New England fitted French Canadians' demographic and human capital profile. Even if the United States had imposed immigration restrictions by the 1880s, this would not likely have diverted many French Canadians westward. he almost complete absence of French Canadians among settlers of Western Canada at the end of the nineteenth century is striking. Had there been a substantial flow of francophone internal migrants to the Prairies and the Pacific coast, there would have been a significant francophone presence in 1914, instead of a proportionately shrinking minority in Manitoba, and only scattered pockets of French-speaking settlers elsewhere. This is one of the great might-have-beens of Canadian history. Without much of a base established by the beginning of the twentieth century, there was little possibility for later chain migration of French Canadians to the West. By contrast, migrants from anglophone Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and parts of continental Europe, had put networks into place by 1900. At the time of Confederation (1867), virtually all of Canada's population was located between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Erie. By the early 1870s, control of all British territory west to the Pacific Ocean had passed

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“Riel … vivra dans notre histoire”: The Response of French Canadians in the United States to Louis Riel’s Execution

Richard¹

2018

Journal of Canadian Studies

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This essay examines the visits of the Métis leader Louis Riel to French-Canadian population centres in the northeastern United States in the mid-1870s. It explores the responses of French-Canadian immigrants to Riel’s execution following the 1885 rebellions he led in the North-West Territories against the authority of the nascent Canadian federal government. French Canadians in New England and New York called for clemency for Riel and organized protest meetings following his hanging. This essay thus sheds light on ethnic and religious transnationalism in the nineteenth century. It highlights what French-Canadian descendants in the US Northeast had to say about Riel and about the perceived place of francophone minorities in Canada and the United States. Their responses to Riel’s execution served to challenge social and political boundaries as well as the limits of citizenship in nineteenth-century North America.

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Colonisation et rapatriement au Lac-Saint-Jean (1895-1905)

Abstract: Population et histoire Volume 38, numéro 3, hiver 1985 URI : id.erudit.org/iderudit/304284ar

Cited by 7 publications

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Conspicuous by their Absence: French Canadians and the Settlement of the Canadian West

Conspicuous by their Absence: French Canadians and the Settlement of the Canadian West

Conspicuous by Their Absence: French Canadians and the Settlement of the Canadian West

“Riel … vivra dans notre histoire”: The Response of French Canadians in the United States to Louis Riel’s Execution

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