Collision Phenomena in Electrical Discharge Lamps

Waymouth, John F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-478805-3.50020-5

Cited by 83 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Regarding factors 2 and 4, a drastic improvement in luminous efficiency has been achieved by increasing the effective luminous areas in PDP cells. 6,7 The discharge efficiency dis is, on the other hand, extremely small compared with those of other discharges ͑ϳ65% in a Hg-rare-gas lamp, 8 and ϳ60% in a Xe-DBD lamp͒, 9 and is mainly responsible for the low luminous efficiency of PDPs. It has been clarified that the significant dissipation of the input power to ions and subsequently to neutrals is the major cause for the low dis in conventional PDPs with Xe-Ne and Xe-He gas mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 This is unfortunately an intrinsic feature of cathode-fall dominated discharges, in general, which are the typical discharges generated in conventional PDP cells. 8,10 A sufficiently large ion flux to a cathode for emitting secondary electrons is inevitable to sustain the discharges. Recently, it was reported that PDPs with high-Xe-content gas mixtures have the potential for improving luminous efficiency under a conventionally used driving scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discharge efficiency in high-Xe-content plasma display panels

Hayashi

Heusler

Hagelaar

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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We study theoretically the overall output performance and the dominating reaction processes of the vacuum ultraviolet ͑UV͒ radiation production in high-Xe partial pressures in plasma display panels ͑PDPs͒ with Ne-Xe gas mixtures. A two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model is applied for the simulations of discharges and UV radiation in sustaining phases of PDPs. The UV intensity increases with the Xe partial pressure ( P Xe ). The discharge efficiency also increases with P Xe . The resonant radiation from Xe( 3 P 1 ) dominates for 3.5%, while that from Xe 2 ( 3 ⌺ u ϩ ) becomes dominant over Xe( 3 P 1 ) for 10%-30%. Remarkably for 30%, the intensity from Xe 2 ( 1 ⌺ u ϩ ) is even larger than that from Xe( 3 P 1 ). It is found that for higher P Xe , the UV radiation mainly consists of the excimer radiation from Xe 2 ( 1 ⌺ u ϩ ) and Xe 2 ( 3 ⌺ u ϩ ). Here, Xe( 3 P 1 ) does not play a role itself as the UV radiator of the resonant radiation ͑147 nm͒, but as the precursor to Xe 2 ( 1 ⌺ u ϩ ), which results in the excimer radiation ͑173 nm͒.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge efficiency in high-Xe-content plasma display panels

Hayashi

Heusler

Hagelaar

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…At room temperature, the theory predicts a rise in the electric field; however, it does not take into account collisional ionization by Ar metastables or the Penning mixture, which is most efficient at room temperature, in a mixture of Ar with about 0.01% of Hg. 15 Even though the non-streamer condition does not describe the whole range of Ar-Hg mixtures well, its shape corresponds to the shape obtained in the experiments. This suggests that the mixture itself is responsible for the extreme in the minimum (E/N) at breakdown.…”

Section: Comparison Between Experiments and Theory-the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition between breakdown regimes in a temperature-dependent mixture of argon and mercury using 100 kHz excitation

Sobota

Bos

Kroesen

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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The paper examines the breakdown process at 100 kHz in a changing temperature-dependent mixture of Ar and Hg and the associated transitions between breakdown regimes. Each measurement series started at 1400 K, 10 bar of Hg, and 0.05% admixture of Ar and finished by natural cooling at room temperature, 150 mbar of Ar, and 0.01% admixture of Hg. The E/N at breakdown as a function of temperature and gas composition was found to have a particular shape with a peak at 600 K, when Hg makes up for 66% of the gaseous mixture and Ar 34%. This peak was found to be an effect of the mixture itself, not the temperature effects or the possible presence of electronegative species. The analysis has shown that at this frequency both streamer and diffuse breakdown can take place, depending on the temperature and gas composition. Streamer discharges during breakdown are present at high temperatures and high Hg pressure, while at room temperature in 150 mbar of Ar the breakdown has a diffuse nature. In between those two cases, the radius of the discharges during breakdown was found to change in a monotonic manner, covering one order of magnitude from the size typical for streamer discharges to a diffuse discharge comparable to the size of the reactor.

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“…In order for this process to be effective in supplying the necessary electron flux, sheath potentials during the cathode phase (i.e., cathode falls) of several hundred volts must develop. The energy that this imparts to the bombarding ions leads to high sputter yields, possibly on the order of 0.1 [2]. Straightforward optical absorption techniques have been used to sense the plethora of barium atoms liberated during the glow discharge phase, and line-averaged densities are easily inferred from these measurements [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss of emitter material, principally barium, is an inevitable consequence of the electrode's normal operation, and is intimately tied to the nature of its interaction with the discharge [2]. Evaporation and sputtering are the two predominant loss mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabry–Perot measurements of barium temperature in fluorescent lamps

Hadrath

Garner

2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract.A scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is used to determine the temperature of barium atoms that are liberated from the electrodes of fluorescent lamps during their steady-state operation. Barium, a constituent of the work function lowering emitter material that is placed on the tungsten coil that forms the electrode, is liberated primarily by evaporation from the hot (~1300°K) thermionic electrode. However, there may be situations or modes of operation in which barium is, in addition, sputtered, a condition which may lead to increased end-darkening, shortened life, and increased mercury consumption in the lamp. Using the FPI diagnostic, the occurrence of sputtering is inferred when barium temperatures are much greater than the electrode temperature. The FPI diagnostic senses resonance radiation ( 553 nm λ = ) emitted by barium atoms excited in the low pressure discharge environment, and infers temperature from the Doppler broadened linewidth. The diagnostic has proven to be successful in a number of situations. Measurements have been made on rare gas discharges and on Hg-argon discharges for different discharge currents, gas pressures, and auxiliary coil currents. Measurements are phase resolved for a.c. driven discharges.

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Collision Phenomena in Electrical Discharge Lamps

Cited by 83 publications

References 29 publications

Discharge efficiency in high-Xe-content plasma display panels

Discharge efficiency in high-Xe-content plasma display panels

Transition between breakdown regimes in a temperature-dependent mixture of argon and mercury using 100 kHz excitation

Fabry–Perot measurements of barium temperature in fluorescent lamps

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