Cohabitation in Brazil: Historical Legacy and Recent Evolution

Esteve, Albert; Lesthaeghe, Ronny; López-Colás, Julián; López‐Gay, Antonio; Covre-Sussai, Maira

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31442-6_8

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Most childbearing takes place within either formal or informal unions, although marriage is more closely related to parenthood than cohabitation (Laplante & Fostik, 2015). The last few decades have seen a rapid growth in cohabitation, not only in Europe and North America, but also in many other parts of the world (Ellison et al, 2012;Esteve et al, 2016;Jones, 2018). This growth in cohabitation has taken place along with the postponement and decline in fertility (Lesthaeghe, 2010;Balbo et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Link Between Union Histories and Childlessnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

Saarela

Skirbekk

2019

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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From an evolutionary perspective, childlessness may be considered a failure, as it implies that there will be no direct transmission of one’s genetic material to later generations. It is also a pressing social issue, because in many contemporary advanced societies, levels of childlessness have increased, and particularly so among men. The absence of a partner is naturally a fundamental determinant of childlessness. Empirical evidence on how childlessness relates to individuals’ partnership histories is nevertheless limited. This issue was analysed with Finnish population register data, which allow the complete cohabitation and marriage histories of individuals from age 18 years to be observed. For women and men born between 1969 and 1971, logistic regression models were estimated for childlessness at age 40 by partnership histories in terms of various stages in the process of union formation and dissolution, and accounting for several socioeconomic variables. A strong link between union histories and childlessness was found, with short partnership spells raising the risk of not becoming a parent. Later age when leaving the parental home raised female childlessness, while a short first-union duration related more strongly to male childlessness. These findings may be considered as providing insights into how specific life-history strategies affect reproductive outcomes, and highlight the need to develop new approaches to understand this feature of social inequality.

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Section: The Link Between Union Histories and Childlessnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

Saarela

Skirbekk

2019

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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“…Segundo estudos históricos e censitários, no Brasil, desde os tempos coloniais, mulheres negras também participam um pouco mais da força de trabalho e são menos propensas ao casamento oficial (IPEA, 2017;COVRE-SUSSAI, 2016;ESTEVE et al, 2016;SAMARA;COSTA, 1997). Mas há alguns aspectos da estrutura de estratificação e desigualdades de gênero e raça no Brasil que merecem destaque e não estão disponíveis no survey; por isso os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD) de 2014 serão utilizados Picanço, F. et al R. bras.…”

Section: Configurações Familiares E Papéis De Gênerounclassified

Papéis de gênero e divisão das tarefas domésticas segundo gênero e cor no Brasil: outros olhares sobre as desigualdades

Picanço

Araújo

Covre-Sussai

2021

Rev. bras. estud. popul.

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A adesão ao modelo tradicional de família nunca foi uniforme. Estudos sobre famílias negras nos EUA e no Caribe, por exemplo, mostram que as mulheres negras são menos propensas do que as brancas a oficializarem o casamento, são menos dependentes dos seus cônjuges e, do ponto de vista das atitudes, homens e mulheres afro-americanos tendem a ser mais tolerantes com mães que trabalham e mais igualitários em relação aos papéis de gênero. As diferenças são atribuídas aos constrangimentos socioeconômicos experimentados historicamente e às saídas construídas para lidar com eles. E no Brasil? O artigo aplica modelos de regressão linear múltipla para analisar os dados do survey Gênero, Família e Trabalho a partir das percepções em relação aos papéis de gênero, às práticas de divisão do trabalho doméstico entre os membros do casal e ao conflito na articulação trabalho reprodutivo (casa) e trabalho remunerado (trabalho) segundo gênero e raça. Os resultados apontam que, em relação às percepções sobre os papéis de gênero, as mulheres brancas são as mais igualitárias. Essa adesão cresce com a escolaridade e diminui com maior número de filhos e presença de cônjuge. Já os homens negros são os menos igualitários e essa assimetria é reduzida pela idade e maior número de filhos. Na divisão do trabalho, os homens negros são os mais igualitários e a adesão à igualdade aumenta com a escolaridade e com percepções mais igualitárias de papéis de gênero, enquanto as mulheres negras reportam relações menos simétricas, mas a simetria cresce com a escolaridade. Quanto ao conflito casa-trabalho, as mulheres negras declaram mais cansaço do que as brancas, mas este se reduz com a escolaridade e a presença de cônjuge.

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“…By the end of the 20th century, more than 80% of the population lived in cities; the share of manufacturing jobs, which peaked in the 1980s, was already in decline; and most workers, now including many more women than before, were employed in the service sector (Comin, 2019;Guimarães, Brito, & Barone, 2019;Scalon, 2013). Around the same period, cohabitation became widespread (Esteve, Lesthaeghe, et al, 2016;Esteve, Lesthaeghe, & López-Gay, 2012) and the total fertility rate decreased from more than 6 children per woman to below replacement level (Potter et al, 2010). Access to primary education became universal towards the end of the last century and, both in absolute and relative terms, enrollment in tertiary education more tripled between the 1990s and the 2010s (Lam & Marteleto, 2002;Salata, 2018); which means that spending a significant amount of time in the educational system, especially around ages when romantic relationships are formed, became much more common for younger cohorts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Educational Assortative Mating in Brazil: 1960-2015

Machado¹

2022

Preprint

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Using both census and survey data, this study analyzes educational assortative mating trends over half a century in Brazil. Odds of both overall and group-specific homogamy, as well as odds of crossing educational barriers, are estimated. Results suggest that, after four decades of continuous decline, overall homogamy increased in the first decade of this century. This rebound stems from a shift in the balance between long-standing opposite trends: increasing odds of intermarriage among lower educational levels and more homogamy at the top of the educational distribution. The findings are interpreted in the light of several social, economic and demographic changes that are relevant to union formation. Particularly, I argue that, starting from a population with very low levels of schooling, educational expansion could initially have only a limited effect on marriage markets. As the expansion reached upper secondary and higher education, it has strengthened the link between schooling and partner choice, thus fostering homogamy.

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Cohabitation in Brazil: Historical Legacy and Recent Evolution

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

Papéis de gênero e divisão das tarefas domésticas segundo gênero e cor no Brasil: outros olhares sobre as desigualdades

Trends in Educational Assortative Mating in Brazil: 1960-2015

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