Cognitive work analysis in the conceptual design of first-of-a-kind systems – designing urban air traffic management

Lundberg, Jonas; Arvola, Mattias; Westin, Carl; Holmlid, Stefan; Nordvall, Mathias; Josefsson, Billy

doi:10.1080/0144929x.2018.1505951

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The present paper introduced a set of widely established CWA phases combined with SNA to refine reduced-crew concept in commercial aviation. In contrary to first-of-a-kind systems (Lundberg et al 2018;Naikar et al 2003) behaviours of the workers in the current system are already well known (Stanton et al 2019). Since the aviation is shaped by legacy systems (Harris and Stanton 2010;Maier 1998) a reduction in crew requires both flight deck function allocation and advanced automation tools.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the reduced flight deck crew concept using cognitive work analysis and social network analysis: comparing normal and data-link outage scenarios

2019

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The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how a subset of methods from Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) in combination with Social Network Analysis (SNA) can be used to analyse the effects of a reduced crew in a legacy system of a commercial airliner's two-pilot-crew operations. Whereas existing research approaches have used different methodological approaches such as classical workload evaluations, we focus on social organisation and cooperation at early conceptual design stages. A case study of Reduced-Crew Operations (RCO) in commercial aviation highlights how Work Domain Analysis, Control Task Analysis and Social Organization and Cooperation Analysis were applied to allocate functions and identify future automation requirements. Furthermore, the SNA shows the possible interactions in future RCO. The effect of technological failure on the network architecture's resilience is also explored. A proposal on how to react to a data-link outage and break-up in RCO is made with respect to limitations in technology. In this way, the work can foster identifying automation requirements and related possible failures at early stages in the design process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the reduced flight deck crew concept using cognitive work analysis and social network analysis: comparing normal and data-link outage scenarios

2019

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“…To promote a safe and workable system in order to provide ease of access to different users, the design needs to have an established robust and flexible way of managing and planning within the desired airspace. The further development of this UTM approach is discussed in [20], [21].…”

Section: Utm In Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Air Traffic Management Systems for UAV Integration into Urban Airspace

Davies

Vagapov

Grout

et al. 2021

2021 28th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improving Reliability of Electric Drives (IWED)

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The role of Unmanned Aircraft Systems have increased substantially in recent years and are now not only used for personal use but for commercial, search and rescue and military application. The increase of the UAS will pose a significant safety risk to not only buildings and property but to the public and general air travel. This increase will undoubtedly cause a significant strain on Air Traffic Control (ATC) system and will lead to UAS not being used to their full potential. The use of autonomous UAS will increase over the coming years, and a reliable system of Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) will be needed both for effective safety and reliability. Currently, there is no real framework in place to accommodate low level UAS in urban airspace. This research aims to discover the current state of the art technologies and innovations developed to create a workable UTM framework giving an overview of the various methods available to analyse the likelihood of a UTM being developed. The findings of the paper show that there is a definitive need for such a system to be developed and maintained if UAVs are to be incorporated into everyday life.

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“…Bulusu et al showed that cooperation among aircraft greatly improves UAS traffic volumes with simulations in the US San Francisco Bay Area and Norrköping, Sweden [ 25 ]. Lundberg et al addressed challenges of designing future unmanned air traffic management concepts by integrating work domain analysis with conceptual design [ 32 ]. Motlagh et al [ 33 ] presented a comprehensive survey and highlighted the potential for the delivery of low-altitude UAV-based Internet of Things (IoT) services from the air.…”

Section: Literature Review On Management Of Low-altitude Uavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-altitude public air route network for UAV management constructed by global subdivision grids

et al. 2021

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With an increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the difficulty of UAV management becomes more challenging, especially for low-altitude airspace due to complicated issues of security, privacy and flexibility. Existing management approaches to UAV flights include implementing registration of flight activity for supervision purposes, limiting the maximum flight height, setting different zones for different flight activities and prohibiting flights. In this research, we proposed a new air traffic management method for UAVs based on global subdivision theory. We designed four types of low-altitude air routes from grids, which correspond to grid sizes of 1.85 km, 128 m, 64 m and 32 m. Utilization of the subdivision grids transforms the complex spatial computation problem into a query process in the spatial database, which provides a new approach to UAV management in the fifth-generation (5G) era. We compared the number and data size of stored track records using longitude and latitude and different grid levels, computed time consumption for air route trafficability and simulated UAV flight to verify the feasibility of constructing this type of air traffic highway system. The amount of data storage and time consumption for air route trafficability can be substantially reduced by subdivision. For example, the data size using traditional expressions of latitude and longitude is approximately 1.5 times that of using a 21-level grid, and the time consumption by coordinates is approximately 1.5 times that of subdivision grids at level 21. The results of the simulated experiments indicate that in the 5G environment, gridded airspace can effectively improve the efficiency of UAV trajectory planning and reduce the size of information storage in the airspace environment. Therefore, given the increasing number of UAVs in the future, gridded highways have the potential to provide a foundation for various UAV applications.

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Cognitive work analysis in the conceptual design of first-of-a-kind systems – designing urban air traffic management

Abstract: View related articlesView Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Cognitive work analysis in the conceptual design of first-of-a-kind systemsdesigning urban air traffic management

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluating the reduced flight deck crew concept using cognitive work analysis and social network analysis: comparing normal and data-link outage scenarios

Evaluating the reduced flight deck crew concept using cognitive work analysis and social network analysis: comparing normal and data-link outage scenarios

Review of Air Traffic Management Systems for UAV Integration into Urban Airspace

A low-altitude public air route network for UAV management constructed by global subdivision grids

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