Cognitive Reality Monitoring in Adulthood

Gregory, Monica E.; Mergler, Nancy L.; Durso, Francis T.; Zandi, Taher

doi:10.1080/0380127880140101

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The relation between source monitoring and old-new recognition performance is important in studies of aging and memory because recognition memory often declines with age (Light, 1991), along with source accuracy (e.g., Gregory, Mergler, Durso, & Zandi, 1988;Guttentag & Hunt, 1988;Mitchell, Hunt, & Schmitt, 1986;Rabinowitz, 1989). A strong case that older adults have particular problems with source memory can be made when source accuracy is impaired in conditions where recognition performance is equivalent for younger and older adults, or where source accuracy and recognition are differentially influenced by the same manipulation, which has been found in several studies of older adults (Brown et al, 1995;G.…”

Section: The Source Monitoring Framework and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and source monitoring: Cognitive processes and neuropsychological correlates.

Henkel

Johnson²,

Leonardis³

1998

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

261

229

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This study shows that relative to younger adults, older adults are more adversely influenced by similar items when judging a memory's source, and the phenomenal features of their correctly and incorrectly attributed memories have greater overlap. The authors argue in accordance with the source monitoring framework that this age-related impairment in source accuracy is related to processes involved in binding features into complex memories and those involved in accessing and evaluating contextual features of memories. These processes are linked to medial temporal and frontal brain regions, respectively, as evidenced by correlations in older adults between source accuracy and neuropsychological tests often used to assess medial temporal and frontal function. The results suggest that adequate feature binding is particularly important when items from different sources share similar features and access-evaluation processes are particularly important after a delay.

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Section: The Source Monitoring Framework and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and source monitoring: Cognitive processes and neuropsychological correlates.

Henkel

Johnson²,

Leonardis³

1998

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

261

229

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show abstract

“…Some examples of such conditions are when items are presented in blocks (Schacter, Kaszniak, Kihlstrom, & Valdiserri, 1991) or when source amnesia (i.e., the failure to recall source information after correctly recalling a fact) is considered (Craik, Morris, Morris, & Loewen, 1990;. In other studies, however, differential age effects on memory for context are relatively small (Denney, Miller, Dew, & Levav, 1991;Gregory, Mergler, Durso, & Zandi, 1988;Mitchell, Hunt, & Schmitt, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of aging on memory for content and context: A meta-analysis.

Spencer¹,

Raz²

1995

Psychology and Aging

646

513

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The authors reviewed the evidence of age differences in episodic memory for content of a message and the context associated with it. Specifically, the authors tested a hypothesis that memory for context is more vulnerable to aging than memory for content. In addition, the authors inquired whether effort at encoding and retrieval and type of stimulus material moderate the magnitude of age differences in both memory domains. The results of the meta-analysis of 46 studies confirmed the main hypothesis: Age differences in context memory are reliably greater than those in memory for content. Tasks that required greater effort during retrieval yielded larger age differences in content but not in context memory. The greatest magnitude of age differences in context memory was observed for those contextual features that were more likely to have been encoded independently from content. Possible mechanisms that may underlie age differences in context memory-attentional deficit, reduced working memory capacity, and failure of inhibitory processing are discussed.

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“…According to the authors' conclusions, older adults have difficulties distinguishing extraexperimental and intraexperimental sources of items (Dywan & Jacoby, 1990;Mc-Intyre & Craik, 1987;Spencer & Raz, 1994), identifying the modality in which information was presented (Light et al, 1992;Mclntyre & Craik, 1987), remembering whether they performed actions or only imagined them (Cohen & Faulkner, 1989), discriminating between mentally generated and read information (Rabinowitz, 1989), and remembering which person presented information (Brown, Jones, & Davis, 1995;Hashtroudi, Johnson, & Chrosniak, 1989;Schacter, Osowiecki, Kaszniak, Kihlstrom, & Valdiserri, 1994). Only a minority of studies have not found age differences in source memory (Gregory, Mergler, Durso, & Zandi, 1988;Guttentag & Hunt, 1988;Kausler, Lichty, & Freund, 1985;Mitchell, Hunt, & Schmitt, 1986). Thus, it is now widely assumed that performance is impaired with advanced age in most source memory tasks (see also the results of a meta-analysis by Spencer & Raz, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and the use of perceptual and temporal information in source memory tasks.

Bayen¹,

Murnane²

1996

Psychology and Aging

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A number of studies have reported age differences in memory for the source of information. S.A. Ferguson, S. Hashtroudi, and M.K. Johnson (1992) suggested that older adults do not efficiently use multiple distinctive characteristics of sources to distinguish between sources in source memory tasks. In the study reported here, participants heard information from 2 sources and later decided whether test items had been presented by Source A, by Source B, or were new. The distinctiveness of both perceptual and temporal characteristics of sources were independently manipulated. Older adults benefited more than young adults from multiple distinctive characteristics of sources. These results question the generality of S.A. Ferguson et al.'s hypothesis.

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Cognitive Reality Monitoring in Adulthood

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Aging and source monitoring: Cognitive processes and neuropsychological correlates.

Aging and source monitoring: Cognitive processes and neuropsychological correlates.

Differential effects of aging on memory for content and context: A meta-analysis.

Aging and the use of perceptual and temporal information in source memory tasks.

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