Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as an empirically supported treatment for virtually any mental disorder and has usually been conducted in face-to-face individual or group format. In recent years, newer CBT treatments have been developed, including meta-cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and other transdiagnostic treatments.In order to reach more patients suffering from anxiety and mood disorders, the delivery of psychological treatments has expanded to include Internet-based CBT and the utilization of mobile devices as an augmentation to CBT.Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) refers to a family of interventions and a general scientific approach to psychological disorders (1-3). The central notion of CBT is that behavioral and emotional responses to external events and situations are not directly caused by these events or situations per se, but by perceptions and interpretations (i.e., thoughts, beliefs, and cognitions) about these events and situations. The word cognitive implies that treatment focuses to a great extent on thought processes. However, CBT is not limited to cognitive modification. Effective CBT targets all aspects of a disorder, including cognitions, emotional experience, and behaviors. Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis independently developed this therapy in the 1960s and 1970s. Beck refers to these assumptions about events and situations as automatic thoughts, because the thoughts arise without much prior reflection or reasoning (4). Ellis called these assumptions self-statements, because they are ideas that the person tells himself or herself (5). This is illustrated in Ellis's ABC model, in which A stands for the antecedent event, B for belief, and C for consequence. Thoughts can be maladaptive if they reflect misperceptions and misinterpretations of situations and events and lead to emotional distress, behavior problems, and physiological arousal.CBT protocols have been developed to address virtually all mental disorders with the strongest support for anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, bulimia, anger control problems, and general stress (6). A comprehensive description of the various contemporary CBT protocols can be found in a multivolume handbook (7). The major similarity across protocols is the assumption that maladaptive cognitions are causally linked to emotional distress. In fact, the way one appraises a situation or experience is what influences the way one feels and behaves in that context (3). By modifying dysfunctional cognitions through questioning the evidence for and against, and by coming up with alternative hypotheses, emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors will decrease (2,3,8).Modifications and extensions of this CBT model include metacognitive therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). An alternative treatment model has been described in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Also, a unified tre...