Coffee consumption and risk of total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Higher habitual coffee drinking has been associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The relation between coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been examined in many studies, but the issue remains controversial. This study was designed to assess the association between coffee consumption and CVD mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We prospectively followed 3,837 randomly ascertained Finnish patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25 to 74 years. Coffee consumption and other study parameters were determined at baseline. The International Classification of Diseases was used to identify CHD, CVD and stroke cases using computerised record linkage to the national Death Registry. The associations between coffee consumption at baseline and risk of total, CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality were analysed by using Cox proportional hazards models. Results During the average follow-up of 20.8 years, 1,471 deaths were recorded, of which 909 were coded as CVD, 598 as CHD and 210 as stroke. The respective multivariateadjusted hazard ratios in participants who drank 0-2, 3-4, 5-6, and Q7 cups of coffee daily were 1.00, 0.77, 0.68 and 0.70 for total mortality (P<0.001 for trend), 1.00, 0.79, 0.70 and 0.71 for CVD mortality (P=0.006 for trend), 1.00, 0.78, 0.70 and 0.63 for CHD mortality (p=0.01 for trend), and 1.00, 0.77, 0.64 and 0.90 for stroke mortality (p=0.12 for trend). Conclusions/interpretation In this large prospective study we found that in type 2 diabetic patients coffee drinking is associated with reduced total, CVD and CHD mortality.

Functional foods for dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular risk prevention

“…Very recent findings indicate that in individuals aged $ 65 years high intakes of caffeinated beverages reduce relative CVD risk and heart disease mortality close to 50 % in those taking four or more cups per d (208) . A doseresponse decrease and a similar protective effect were found for a daily caffeine intake of some milligrams; similar results were observed also in patients with type 2 diabetes (209) . Moderate or high intakes of unfiltered or instant coffee appear to be associated with serum LDL-C values about 5 % higher v. baseline (207,210,211) .…”

Coffee consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

“…The 13 studies that contribute to this meta-analysis were from 6 different countries: USA [9][10][11][12], Finland [13,14], Sweden [15,16], Netherland [17,18], Italy [19] and Japan [20,21]. Three studies included only women, three included only men, and the others included both genders: The follow-up years ranged from 2 to 25; The number of participants ranged from 499 to 120852; The number of new stroke cases ranged from 54 to 3090; Four of the studies presented the RR of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke separately, and the rest only reported the overall RR of all types of stroke; The endpoints of the studies were different.…”

Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes — An extensive review

“…Even when diabetes has occurred, coffee might have some potential to influence its complication. This has been evidenced by our recent large prospective study in which we evaluated the association between coffee consumption and mortality rate among type 2 diabetic patients [71]. Coffee drinking was associated with reduced total, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease mortality.…”