Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes — An extensive review

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Coffee is a complex mixture of potentially active chemicals. It contains significant amounts of phenolic polymers, chlorogenic acid and also caffeine. Agricultural factors, roasting, blending, and brewing determine coffee’s chemical composition. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that habitual coffee consumption may help to prevent some chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Despite reports from the clinical trials of the effect of caffeine on decreasing insulin sensitivity, long-term prospective studies revealed that coffee may improve fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well. In the most recent publication habitual coffee drinkers have a lower total and cardiovascular mortality rate among diabetic subjects.</jats:p>

Identification of apples rich in health-promoting flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids by measuring the polyphenol profile

“…The mechanism is unclear but both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee delay glucose absorption in comparison to the placebo glucose in water possibly via chlorogenic acid-mediated Na + -electrochemical gradient dissipation (Johnston et al, 2003). Other possible mechanisms, including the inhibition or retardation of the action of a-glucosidase, have been reviewed (Bidel et al, 2008). In the same way, the amounts of epicatechin in Tobiä ssler, Schneiderapfel, Engishofer and Burgunder cultivars (10-20 mg/ 100 g FM, Table 1) are as high as those reported for milk chocolate (12.5 mg/100 g) (Arts et al, 2000) and the epicatechin content of the red-fleshed cultivar Redfield (34 mg/100 g FM) was as high as in dark chocolate (32.7 mg/100 g) (Arts et al, 2000).…”

“…The flavan-3-ols from cocoa have been reported to have a vasodilatory effect which improves blood flow (Faridi et al, 2008). Chlorogenic acid, which is present in high amounts in coffee, is reported to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (Bonita et al, 2007) and to decrease the risk of type II diabetes (Bidel et al, 2008;Johnston et al, 2003).…”

How to distinguish between cinnamoylshikimate esters and chlorogenic acid lactones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…Synthesis of the mixtures of regioisomers of CSA (1-3), feruloylshikimic acid (FSA) (7-9), and dimethoxycinnamoylshikimic acid (DSA) (13)(14)(15) Pyridine (4 mL) and 4-acetylferuloyl/3,4-diacetylcaffeic/dimethoxycinnamic acid chloride (0.52 mmol) were added into a solution of shikimic acid (100 mg, 0.52 mmol) and DMAP (8 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h and acidified with 1 M HCl (pH % 2) and stirred for 30 min to remove the acetyl protecting group.…”

“…[2,3] There is increasing epidemiological evidence that this class of compounds has a series of health benefits. [11][12][13] Furthermore, several pharmacological activities of CGAs have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, including the antioxidant activity, [14][15][16] the ability to increase hepatic glucose utilization, [17][18][19][20][21] the inhibition of the HIV-1 integrase, [22][23][24] the antispasmodic activity, [25] and the inhibition of the mutagenicity of carcinogenic compounds, [26] have been revealed by studies so far.…”

Teat tablet with sodium ibuprofen: the effect of sorbitol on therapeutic agent pharmaceutical availability and on physicochemical parameters of a drug form

“…Immediate administration of ibuprofen during fever in children aged 6 months to 12 years with bronchial asthma does not increase the risk of asthma exacerbation [9]. Thus, ibuprofen is a widely applied drug in pediatric health service [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”