Coarse Cereals and Legume Grains Exert Beneficial Effects through Their Interaction with Gut Microbiota: A Review

Abstract

Coarse cereals and legume grains (CCLGs) are rich in specific macro- and functional elements that are considered important dietary components for maintaining human health. Therefore, determining the precise nutritional mechanism involved in exerting the health benefits of CCLGs can help understand dietary nutrition in a better manner. Evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in the function of CCLGs via their complicated interplay with CCLGs. First, CCLGs modulate gut microbiota and function. Second, gut microbiota convert CCLGs into compounds that perform different functions. Third, gut microbiota mediate interactions among different CCLG components. Therefore, using gut microbiota to expound the nutritional mechanism of CCLGs is important for future studies. A precise and rapid gut microbiota research model is required to screen and evaluate the quality of CCLGs. The outcomes of such research may promote the rapid discovery, classification, and evaluation of CCLG resources, thereby opening a new opportunity to guide nutrition-based development of CCLG products.

Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury through ameliorating the lipid metabolism and modulating the intestinal microbial composition

“…34 Multiple genetic and environmental factors (such as genes, age, diet, disease, and drugs) affect and reshape the intestinal microbial profile. 35,36 Among them, diet plays a vital role in altering the intestinal microbiota. 22 To assess the effects of GAA intervention on the composition of intestinal microbiota in mice exposed to alcohol intake, the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using the HTS technology.…”

Flavonoids from Whole-Grain Oat Alleviated High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia via Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of some beneficial whole-grain products is associated with a lower risk of hyperlipidemia and has a closer relationship with the alterations in gut microbiota . Nowadays, many studies have thus focused on the composition, content, and functional properties of phytochemicals in grains, such as polysaccharides, polypeptides, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which have been reported to possess a potential antihyperlipidemic effect by ameliorating lipid profiles and gut dysbiosis in vivo . , Among these phytochemicals, some types of flavonoids have been considered as multitargeted drugs, because they could alter multiple molecular pathways without harmful side effects, thus making them ideal choices for alleviating metabolic diseases . Many studies have reported that diets rich in flavonoids provide various health-promoting effects, such as the prevention and amelioration of oxidative stress, diabetes, obesity, and CVD. , …”

Insights into Health-Promoting Effects of Plant MicroRNAs: A Review

“…For example, rice and wheat have a higher proportion of rapidly digestible starches (RDSs), while buckwheat, oats, and barley have a higher proportion of resistant starches (RSs) and slowly digestible starches (SDSs); this regulates the conversion to glucose in the body, i.e., slower conversion from low glycemic index (GI) foods. Specific GM use a variety of plant polysaccharides after entry into the intestine to perform the corresponding regulatory functions . The type and amount of carbohydrate intake have a direct impact on human health.…”

“…The endogenous miRNAs influence the GM in a way that affects the host’s health. Traditional studies of the SCFA pathway, bile acid pathway, trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) pathway, and neurotransmitter pathway explain the host effects of GM . Recent studies on obese mice raised on a high-fat diet showed a significant and specific increase of miR-181 in their white adipose tissue.…”