Co‐packaged datacenter optics: Opportunities and challenges

Minkenberg, Cyriel; Krishnaswamy, Rajagopal; Zilkie, Aaron; Nelson, David A.

doi:10.1049/ote2.12020

Cited by 95 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Millions of silicon photonic transceivers operating at data rates equal to or larger than 100 Gbps are annually sold [244]. Co-packaged optics, where both the silicon-photonic transceivers and the silicon electronic switches are packaged in a single board for networking data centers [22], have demonstrated aggregated data rate of 25 Tbps and higher [245].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this review of silicon photonics is quite a personal history and a story of my contributions to the field, almost all the cited works refer to my own papers. The interested reader can find relevant literature in the original papers or in other recent reviews [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. At the end of each subsection, I cite few references where recent contributions to the related field are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thirty Years in Silicon Photonics: A Personal View

Pavesi

2021

Front. Phys.

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Silicon Photonics, the technology where optical devices are fabricated by the mainstream microelectronic processing technology, was proposed almost 30 years ago. I joined this research field at its start. Initially, I concentrated on the main issue of the lack of a silicon laser. Room temperature visible emission from porous silicon first, and from silicon nanocrystals then, showed that optical gain is possible in low-dimensional silicon, but it is severely counterbalanced by nonlinear losses due to free carriers. Then, most of my research focus was on systems where photons show novel features such as Zener tunneling or Anderson localization. Here, the game was to engineer suitable dielectric environments (e.g., one-dimensional photonic crystals or waveguide-based microring resonators) to control photon propagation. Applications of low-dimensional silicon raised up in sensing (e.g., gas-sensing or bio-sensing) and photovoltaics. Interestingly, microring resonators emerged as the fundamental device for integrated photonic circuit since they allow studying the hermitian and non-hermitian physics of light propagation as well as demonstrating on-chip heavily integrated optical networks for reconfigurable switching applications or neural networks for optical signal processing. Finally, I witnessed the emergence of quantum photonic devices, where linear and nonlinear optical effects generate quantum states of light. Here, quantum random number generators or heralded single-photon sources are enabled by silicon photonics. All these developments are discussed in this review by following my own research path.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirty Years in Silicon Photonics: A Personal View

Pavesi

2021

Front. Phys.

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“…The power consumption of each driver was 0.4 W. Therefore, 0.462 W × 4 = 1.848 W power is used for modulators and drivers, which dominates the power consumption on the transmitter side. According to 400 G transmitter power budget estimations of 4.6~5.5 W [31], there is enough of a margin for the micro controller and DSP. Finally, as a 5 dB ER was achieved with a 1.8 V pp driving voltage and the optical loss is within 5 dB, the MZM was functioning without consuming many resources electrically and optically.…”

Section: Dr4 Transmitter Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dr4 Transmitter Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost 400 Gbps DR4 Silicon Photonics Transmitter for Short-Reach Datacenter Application

et al. 2021

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Targeting high-speed, low-cost, short-reach intra-datacenter connections, we designed and tested an integrated silicon photonic circuit as a transmitter engine. This engine can be packaged into an optical transceiver module which meets the QSFP-DD Form Factor, together with other electrical/optical components. We first present the design and performance of a high-speed silicon modulator, which had a 3-dB EO bandwidth of >40 GHz and an ER of >5 dB. We then incorporated the engine onto a test board and injected a 53.125 Gbaud PAM4 signal. Clear eye patterns were observed at the receiver with TDECQ ~3 dB for all four lanes.

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“…Currently, the demand for optical data transmission increases with 40% p.a. [1] , and telecom standards foresee data rates of IM/DD systems to grow from 100 to ≥200 Gbit/s per dimension [2] . Electro-optic (EO) modulators serving these links should offer a compact footprint, low optical loss, and a low energy consumption [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%