Co‐infection with Cucumber vein yellowing virus and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus leading to synergism in cucumber

Abstract

Symptom expression and levels of the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) and the crinivirus Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) were compared in greenhouse cucumbers in single and mixed infections. Results were contrasted with those obtained for plants infected with the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in single and in mixed infections with either CVYV or CYSDV. Cucumber showed leaf symptoms of each co-infecting virus, except for the combination of CYSDV with ZYMV, where the typical CYSDV-like symptoms of interveinal leaf yellowing were inconspicuous or absent. The progression of CVYV as quantified by real-time RT-PCR was similar in plants with single infections and in mixed infection with CYSDV between 15 and 60 days post-inoculation (dpi). However, CYSDV was detected at significantly enhanced levels in plants when co-infected with CVYV but not when co-infected with ZYMV. In the latter case, ZYMV levels were reduced when compared with single infections. During mixed infections of ZYMV and CVYV, the titre levels of the ipomovirus were significantly lower when compared with single infections. Cucumber had reduced plant height, internode length, dry weight and fruit yield, positively correlated with the titre levels of CVYV and not of CYSDV during mixed infections. It is concluded that co-infections with CVYV enhance the titre of CYSDV, which could have epidemiological significance.

Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of viruses of the family Closteroviridae

“…BYVaV increases concentration of Blackberry virus Y (BVY, genus Brambyvirus , family Potyviridae ) in mixed infections (Susaimuthu et al, 2008). CYSDV enhanced multiplication of Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV, genus Ipomovirus , family Potyviridae ) and increased symptom severity in mixed infections (Gil-Salas et al, 2012). In sweet potato, SPCSV increased multiplication of several viruses of the genera Potyvirus ( Sweet potato feathery mottle virus , Sweet potato latent virus and Sweet potato mild speckling virus ), Ipomovirus ( Sweet potato mild mottle virus ), Cucumovirus ( Cucumber mosaic virus ), and putative members of the genus Carlavirus ( Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus and C-6 virus) in double and triple infections, which was associated to an increase in the severity of symptoms.…”

Genetic variation and evolutionary forces shaping Cucumber vein yellowing virus populations: risk of emergence of virulent isolates in Europe

“…The Middle East or nearby geographic areas also seems to be the cradle of other plant viruses, e.g. Cucumber yellow stunt disorder virus belonging to the family Closteroviridae (Rubio et al, 2001;Gil-Salas et al, 2012). It has also been suggested that the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae) descended from a virus infecting monocotyledonous plants in the Middle East (Gibbs & Ohshima, 2010).…”

Comparative Epidemiology of Three Virus Diseases on Zucchini Squash

“…; Gil‐Salas et al. , ). Multiple infections of zucchini squash with PRSV‐W, ZYMV and ZLCV may not have higher economic consequences than infection by either virus alone due to the aggressiveness of these viruses and the intolerance of C. pepo to the diseases they cause.…”

“…The occurrence of natural mixed infections in cucurbits is very common in nature (Yuki et al 2000;Wang et al 2002;Turechek et al 2010;Gil-Salas et al 2011) and may have varying biological, epidemiological and economic consequences. A mixed infection with two or more viruses typically produces a more severe disease than either alone due to synergistic effects (Wang et al 2002;Gil-Salas et al 2011, 2012. Multiple infections of zucchini squash with PRSV-W, ZYMV and ZLCV may not have higher economic consequences than infection by either virus alone due to the aggressiveness of these viruses and the intolerance of C. pepo to the diseases they cause.…”