Co-Creating Conceptual and Working Frameworks for Implementing Forest and Landscape Restoration Based on Core Principles

Chazdon, Robin L.; Gutierrez, Victoria; Brancalion, Pedro Henrique Santin; Laestadius, Lars; Guariguata, Manuel R.

doi:10.3390/f11060706

Cited by 41 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Increasingly, tree plantings have been established to provide ecosystem services (Lamb, 2018) and have employed mixed‐species plantations and agroforestry (Liu et al., 2018). Many recent tree planting efforts are part of national commitments to forest and landscape restoration , which combine protective and productive reforestation schemes for increasing tree cover across heterogeneous, multipurpose landscapes (Table 2; Chazdon, Gutierrez, Brancalion, Laestadius, & Guariguata, 2020).…”

Section: People Plant Trees For Many Different Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives

Brancalion

Holl

2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

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172

139

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1. A growing number of initiatives at global, regional and national scales propose to plant millions, billions or even trillions of trees as a simple solution to resolve complex environmental problems. However, tree planting is much more complicated than it seems. 2. We summarize the multifaceted decision-making process needed and offer guidelines to increase the success of the proposed ambitious efforts to increase tree cover worldwide. 3. Given the varied definitions of and motivations for tree planting, it is critical that stakeholders work together to clearly define the biophysical and socioeconomic goals of each project. Then a series of questions must be addressed about where and how (e.g. planting trees vs. allowing for natural forest regrowth) to most effectively achieve these goals and minimize unintended negative consequences, as well as how, when and by whom success of efforts will be evaluated. 4. Key guidelines to successfully increase tree cover include: (a) first addressing the underlying drivers of deforestation; (b) integrating decision-making across scales from local to global; (c) tailoring tree planting strategies to clearly stated project goals and planning, adaptively managing and evaluating success over a sufficiently long timeframe; (d) focusing on the forest ecosystem as a whole, and not just the trees; (e) coordinating different land uses and (f) involving stakeholders at all stages of the planning process. 5. Synthesis and applications. Tree planting, along with other strategies to increase tree cover in appropriate locations and contexts, can make a valuable contribution to ensuring the ecological and social well-being of our planet in coming decades, but only if these efforts are considered as one component of multifaceted solutions to complex environmental problems and are carefully planned, implemented and monitored over a sufficiently long timescale with stakeholder engagement and broader consideration of socio-ecological complexities.

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Section: People Plant Trees For Many Different Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives

Brancalion

Holl

2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

Self Cite

172

139

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“…Thus, a recent review of FLR practice concluded that "Existing guidelines and best practices documents do not satisfy, at present, the need for guiding the implementation of Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) based on core principles. Given the wide range of FLR practices and the varied spectrum of actors involved, a single working framework is unlikely to be effective, but tailored working frameworks can be co-created based on a common conceptual framework" [47]. While FLR is supposed to support sustainable agricultural production, there is very little discussion on how this can be achieved.…”

Section: Beyond Tree Planting the Various Aspects Of Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology

Noordwijk

Gitz

Minang

et al. 2020

Land

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Restoration depends on purpose and context. At the core it entails innovation to halt ongoing and reverse past degradation. It aims for increased functionality, not necessarily recovering past system states. Location-specific interventions in social-ecological systems reducing proximate pressures, need to synergize with transforming generic drivers of unsustainable land use. After reviewing pantropical international research on forests, trees, and agroforestry, we developed an options-by-context typology. Four intensities of land restoration interact: R.I. Ecological intensification within a land use system, R.II. Recovery/regeneration, within a local social-ecological system, R.III. Reparation/recuperation, requiring a national policy context, R.IV. Remediation, requiring international support and investment. Relevant interventions start from core values of human identity while addressing five potential bottlenecks: Rights, Know-how, Markets (inputs, outputs, credit), Local Ecosystem Services (including water, agrobiodiversity, micro/mesoclimate) and Teleconnections (global climate change, biodiversity). Six stages of forest transition (from closed old-growth forest to open-field agriculture and re-treed (peri)urban landscapes) can contextualize interventions, with six special places: water towers, riparian zone and wetlands, peat landscapes, small islands and mangroves, transport infrastructure, and mining scars. The typology can help to link knowledge with action in people-centric restoration in which external stakeholders coinvest, reflecting shared responsibility for historical degradation and benefits from environmental stewardship.

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“…The diversity of outcomes and magnitude of restoration expected under global targets require processes that go beyond business-as-usual [24]. However, despite its promise, the effectiveness of landscape approaches has not been adequately demonstrated [25], and there is a limited amount of evidence on FLR outcomes and impacts [26]. Chazdon et al [26], in this issue, provide a critical overview of the need for tailored working frameworks based on a common conceptual framework founded in a core set of principles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite its promise, the effectiveness of landscape approaches has not been adequately demonstrated [25], and there is a limited amount of evidence on FLR outcomes and impacts [26]. Chazdon et al [26], in this issue, provide a critical overview of the need for tailored working frameworks based on a common conceptual framework founded in a core set of principles. The six principles for FLR revised by the Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration (GPFLR) [16] are largely accepted by researchers and practitioners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Quality Forest and Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

Ota

Chazdon

Herbohn

et al. 2020

Forests

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Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is being carried out across the world to meet ambitious global goals. However, the scale of these efforts combined with the timeframe in which they are supposed to take place may compromise the quality of restoration, and thus limit the persistence of restoration on the landscape. This paper presents a synthesis of ten case studies identified as FLR to critically analyse implemented initiatives, their outcomes, and main challenges, with an eye to improving future efforts. The identified FLR projects are diverse in terms of their spatial coverage, objectives; types of interventions; and initial socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental conditions. The six principles of FLR—which have been widely adopted in theory by large global organisations—are inadequately addressed across the initiatives presented here. The identified FLR project or interventions, although expected to offer diverse benefits, face many challenges including the lack of long-term sustainability of project interventions, limited uptake by regional and national agencies, limited monitoring, reporting and learning, poor governance structures, and technical barriers, which are mainly owing to institutional weaknesses. On the basis of these cases, we propose that the best pathway to achieving FLR is via an incremental process in which a smaller number of more achievable objectives are set and implemented over time, rather than setting highly ambitious targets that implementers struggle to achieve.

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Co-Creating Conceptual and Working Frameworks for Implementing Forest and Landscape Restoration Based on Core Principles

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives

Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives

People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology

Achieving Quality Forest and Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

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