CO 2 Fluxes from Peat in Boreal Mires under Varying Temperature and Moisture Conditions

Silvola, Jouko; Alm, Jukka; Ahlholm, Urpo; Nykänen, Hannu; Martikainen, Pertti J.

doi:10.2307/2261357

Cited by 413 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many studies documented that main factors impacting soil respiration (R ECO ) and therefore carbon emissions are air temperature (Bubier et al 1998;Bortoluzzi et al 2006;Davidson et al 2006;Heijmans et al 2013) or peat temperature (Chapman and Thurlow 1996;Silvola et al 1996;Lafleur et al 2005;Juszczak et al 2013;D'Angelo et al 2016). Approximate 1°C temperature increase at subarctic peatlands resulted in increases of R ECO values and mobilization of carbon that was located in deeper peat layers (Dorrepaal et al 2009).…”

Section: Additive Effect Of Warming and Lowering Of Wtd On C Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far many studies showed that clipping and removing the aboveground parts of plants decreased R ECO , because this reduces soil respiration by decreasing the input of labile carbon to soil (Wan and Luo 2003;Bahn et al 2006) and/or by weakening the assimilation supply from photosynthesis (Bahn et al 2008). It is widely known that the cutting causes slower regeneration of plants (Silvola et al 1996).…”

Section: Cutting Impact On R Ecomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

et al. 2018

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Peatlands are ecosystems for which carbon budget relies strongly on the meteorological and hydrological conditions. Here, using a manipulative field experiment, we measured ecosystem respiration (R ECO ) over two years (2013)(2014) ). With the natural dry period event which occurred in 2014, the seasonal R ECO increased by approx. 0.2 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 as compared to the previous year. Projected global warming will therefore significantly enhance C loss from poor fens in this region of Europe.

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Section: Additive Effect Of Warming and Lowering Of Wtd On C Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cutting Impact On R Ecomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

et al. 2018

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“…N 2 O emissions from cultivated peat soils show a great variation in time and space and depend on a number of factors (Regina et al, 2004) such as drainage, peat type, climate and fertilisation. Initial lowering of the water table generally increases the N 2 O emission rate but the long-term influence of drainage depth is not as straightforward (Regina et al, 1996;Maljanen et al, 2003c;Klemedtsson et al, 2005) Many investigations of GHG emissions from peat soils have been conducted under uncontrolled conditions in the field (Nykänen et al, 1995;Freeman et al, 1996;Silvola et al, 1996;Flessa et al, 1998) or on disturbed soil samples (Freeman et al, 1996;Aerts and Ludwig, 1997;Best and Jacobs, 1997;Chapman and Thurlow, 1998) where the original structure of the peat profile and its characteristic hydrological features are lost. Information on the peat soil profile and the properties of the soils has in many cases been lacking or insufficient (Freeman et al, 1996;Koizumi et al, 1999;Regina et al, 2004), which makes interpretation of the results difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of water table level and soil properties on emissions of greenhouse gases from cultivated peat soil

Berglund

2011

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

134

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A lysimeter method using undisturbed soil columns was used to investigate the effect of water table depth and soil properties on soil organic matter decomposition and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cultivated peat soils. The study was carried out using cultivated organic soils from two locations in Sweden: Örke, a typical cultivated fen peat with low pH and high organic matter content and Majnegården, a more uncommon fen peat type with high pH and low organic matter content. Even though carbon and nitrogen contents differ greatly between the sites, carbon and nitrogen density are quite similar. A drilling method with minimal soil disturbance was used to collect 12 undisturbed soil monoliths (50 cm high, ⌀29.5 cm) per site. They were sown with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) after the original vegetation was removed. The lysimeter design allowed the introduction of water at depth so as to maintain a constant water table at either 40 cm or 80 cm below the soil surface. CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from the lysimeters were measured weekly and complemented with incubation experiments with small undisturbed soil cores subjected to different tensions (5, 40, 80 and 600 cm water column). CO 2 emissions were greater from the treatment with the high water table level (40 cm) compared with the low level (80 cm). N 2 O emissions peaked in springtime and CH 4 emissions were very low or negative. Estimated GHG emissions during one year were between 2.70 and 3.55 kg CO 2 equivalents m -2 . The results from the incubation experiment were in agreement with emissions results from the lysimeter experiments. We attribute the observed differences in GHG emissions between the soils to the contrasting dry matter liability and soil physical properties. The properties of the different soil layers will determine the effect of water table regulation. Lowering the water table without exposing new layers with easily decomposable material would have a limited effect on emission rates.

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“…The soil nutrient gradient consists of peatland sites representing different site types that were drained at the same time. Based on earlier research on CO 2 fluxes from peatland sites with varying drainage status and nutrient levels, we hypothesized that i) mass loss rates of pine litter would progressively increase following drainage as the depth to water table increases (e.g., Silvola et al, 1996), and ii) mass loss rates of pine litter would follow the original (pre-drainage) soil nutrient gradient being greatest in the most nutrient-rich site (e.g., Martikainen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scots pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradients in peatland forests, and the effects of inter-annual weather variation

Laiho

Laine

Trettin

et al. 2004

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Peatlands form a large carbon (C) pool but their C sink is labile and susceptible to changes in climate and land-use. Some pristine peatlands are forested, and others have the potential: the amount of arboreal vegetation is likely to increase if soil water levels are lowered as a consequence of climate change. On those sites tree litter dynamics may be crucial for the C balance. We studied the decomposition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needle and root litter in boreal peatland sites representing gradients in drainage succession (succession following water level drawdown caused by forest drainage) and soil nutrient level during several years of varying weather conditions. Neither gradient had an unambiguous effect on litter mass loss. Mass loss over 2 years was faster in undrained versus drained sites for both needle litter, incubated in the moss layer, and fine root litter, incubated in 0-10 cm peat layer, suggesting moisture stress in the surface layers of the drained sites limited decomposition. Differences among the drained sites were not consistent. Among years, mass loss correlated positively with precipitation variables, and mostly negatively or not at all with temperature sum. We concluded that a long-term water-level drawdown in peatlands does not necessarily enhance decay of fresh organic matter. Instead, the drained site may turn into a ' large hummock-system' where several factors, including litter quality, relative moisture deficiency, higher acidity, lower substrate temperature, and in deeper layers also oxygen deficiency, may interact to constrain organic matter decomposition. Further, the decomposition rates may not vary systematically among sites of different soil nutrient levels following water-level drawdown. Our results emphasize the importance of annual weather variations on decomposition rates, and demonstrate that single-period incubation studies incorporate an indeterminable amount of temporal variation.

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CO 2 Fluxes from Peat in Boreal Mires under Varying Temperature and Moisture Conditions

Cited by 413 publications

References 24 publications

The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

The Impact of Experimental Temperature and Water Level Manipulation on Carbon Dioxide Release in a Poor Fen in Northern Poland

Influence of water table level and soil properties on emissions of greenhouse gases from cultivated peat soil

Scots pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradients in peatland forests, and the effects of inter-annual weather variation

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