Clustering‐based method for the feeder selection to improve the characteristics of load shedding

Abstract

Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes are designed by specifying a given amount of load to shed at various frequency thresholds to prevent the collapse of the electrical power system in the event of a large generation-load imbalance. An UFLS step is constituted of a group of medium-voltage feeders that trip when a given frequency threshold is reached. This study focuses on the method to be used when allocating a given feeder to a given step. First, the authors introduce performance metrics to quantify the accuracy level with which the UFLS target is met. Second, they model: the allocation method currently used in France; a variant of that method; and a new method introduced in this study, based on an automated clustering technique. Third, based on real consumption patterns measured from a vast area in France, and using the introduced performance metrics, they compare the efficiency of the three described methods. This study is conducted for the current state of loading of the considered distribution network and for a hypothetical situation with an increased share of distribution-side photovoltaic generation. For the chosen performance metrics, they demonstrate that the first two methods provide similar results while the clustering-based method performs remarkably better.

Simplified Event-Based Load Shedding Scheme for Frequency Stability in an Isolated Power System With High Renewable Penetration. El Hierro: A Case Study

“…The implementation schemes IS2 and IS3 are more realistic than IS1, even though the assumption that the load consumption is evenly distributed across the system's feeders can be criticized as discussed in (Sigrist and Rouco, 2014); (Potel, et al, 2019). Nonetheless, it should be noted that the simulations of the current UFLS scheme have been performed using an analogous assumption.…”

Consumer appliance‐level load shedding optimisation for real‐time application

“…Optimisation method: The problem formulated in the above subsection is an optimisation problem that involves a large number of binary variables. There can be a number of equally good solutions that satisfy the condition (10). Among them the 'fairest' solution will be selected as described in the next subsection.…”

“…Shekari et al [9] proposed an adaptive wide‐area centralised LS by determining the amount of necessary demand reductions, locations of load drops, and the LS event types are optimally simulated. Potel et al [10] proposed a clustering‐based method to improve the selection of feeders in a UFLS implementation. Abdelwahid et al [11] verified the effectiveness of UFLS scheme implemented in real‐time through hardware implementation and simulations.…”

Chance-constrained allocation of UFLS candidate feeders under high penetration of distributed generation

“…A few limited heuristic methods represent the current state of the art for the feeder allocation problem [9,10,11,12,13,14]. References [9], [10] and [11] analyse the effects of disconnecting different feeders on the system's dynamic performance and voltage stability.…”