Clostridium difficile presence in Spanish and Belgian hospitals

Abstract

a b s t r a c tClostridium difficile is recognised worldwide as the main cause of infectious bacterial antibioticassociated diarrhoea in hospitals and other healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to first survey C. difficile prevalence during the summer of 2014 at the Central University Hospital of Asturias (Spain). By typing the isolates obtained, it was then possible to compare the ribotype distribution at the Spanish hospital with results from the St Luc University Hospital in Belgium over the same period. The prevalence of positive cases reported in Spain and Belgium was 12.3% and 9.3% respectively. The main PCR-ribotypes previously described in Europe were found in both hospitals, including 078, 014, 012, 020 and 002. In the Spanish hospital, most of the C. difficile-positive samples were referred from oncology, acute care and general medicine services. In the Belgian hospital the majority of positive samples were referred from the paediatric service. However, a high percentage of isolates from this service were nontoxigenic. This study finds that the presence and detection of C. difficile in paediatric and oncology services requires further investigation.

Impact of environmental conditions and gut microbiota on the in vitro germination and growth of Clostridioides difficile

“…An increase in Proteobacteria (Zhang et al 2015;Amrane et al 2019;Han et al 2019;Jeon et al 2019), Enterobacteriaceae (Song et al 2013;Khanna et al 2016;Sangster et al 2016;Han et al 2019;Hernandez 2019), and Escherichia/Shigella ribotype 078 and 014 are among most present in hospital and in Europe (Rodriguez et al 2016). The ribotype 078 possesses the virulence genes (Rodriguez et al 2016). No control of the evolution of microbiota without C. difficile was implemented in this experiment but the low proportion (1/10 6 ) between the C. difficile and total flora probably did not have any effect on microbiota.…”

“…In the gut microbiota of CDI patients compared to healthy people, diversity is significantly lower (Zhang et al 2015;Amrane et al 2019;Han et al 2019;Hernandez 2019;Jeon et al 2019). An increase in Proteobacteria (Zhang et al 2015;Amrane et al 2019;Han et al 2019;Jeon et al 2019), Enterobacteriaceae (Song et al 2013;Khanna et al 2016;Sangster et al 2016;Han et al 2019;Hernandez 2019), and Escherichia/Shigella ribotype 078 and 014 are among most present in hospital and in Europe (Rodriguez et al 2016). The ribotype 078 possesses the virulence genes (Rodriguez et al 2016).…”

Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Settings

“…Te increased morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients diagnosed with CDI results in a signifcant economic burden on healthcare systems in developing and low-income countries [6][7][8]. Outbreaks of severe CDI have been caused by the hypervirulent strain of C. difcile various PCR ribotypes, i.e., 027, 014, 020, 106, and 002, in Canada [9], while 078, 014, 012, 020, and 002 were found in Europe [10,11]. Te pathogenesis of CDI is mediated by enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B encoded by TcdA and TcdB genes [12,13].…”