CLOSED CIRCUIT ANAESTHESIA: A new approach

Bushman, J.A.; Askill, S.; Enderby, D.H.; Al-Abrak, Mohamed H.

doi:10.1093/bja/49.6.575

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Inspired concentrations of halothane developed during spontaneous respiration agreed with previous work on a very similar system (Bushman et al, 1977). The lower volatility of enflurane is more than outweighed by its lower blood-gas solubility coefficient and, as might be expected, incircuit concentrations increased to greater values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The recent revival of interest in totally closed system anaesthetic techniques has produced a number of reviews of the associated advantages and disadvantages (Bushman et al, 1977;Adams, 1979). Recent work (Rayburn and Watson, 1980) suggests that, in patients who are artificially ventilated, the Bain system may provide better humidification of inspired gas, but circle-absorber systems used with basal fresh gas flows are unsurpassed in economy of gases and volatile agents, as well as freedom from pollution.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Closed-Circuit Halothane and Enflurane Using an in-Circle Goldman Vaporizer

Jordan

Bushman

1981

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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A closed-circle absorber system incorporating an in-circle Goldman vaporizer was used to administer halothane or enflurane in oxygen to adult patients. The attained inspired and end-tidal concentrations of volatile agent after a period of stabilization at each vaporizer setting were measured by mass spectrometry. During spontaneous respiration under halothane the ranges of inspired concentrations at settings 1, 11/2 and 2 were respectively 0.5-0.9%, 1.4-2.4% and 3.3-4.5%. corresponding inspired enflurane concentrations at the same settings were 0.8-1.4%, 1.9-2.8% and 3.7-5.0%. IPPV to 5% end-tidal carbon dioxide, although increasing the inspired concentrations slightly, produced considerable increases in end-tidal concentrations. Minimal pre-oxygenation was used to assess the problem of nitrogen accumulation within the circuit. The maximum nitrogen concentration was 56%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Closed-Circuit Halothane and Enflurane Using an in-Circle Goldman Vaporizer

Jordan

Bushman

1981

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…The practice of closed system anaesthesia was described many decades ago [1][2][3][4][5][6], and the application of closed breathing systems dates back to the 18 th century. Reverend Stephen Hales (1677-1761) was the first to construct a valved breathing circuit including cloth filters soaked in vinegar which allowed rebreathing of exhaled air for a certain time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%