A logical development of the closed circuit is described, from a basic resuscitation device, through various modifications, to a circle system incorporating an oxygen demand valve, adsorbers for both carbon dioxide and halothane, and some specific safety features. The behaviour of the circuits has been investigated in relation to elimination of nitrogen, concentrations of halothane and circuit leaks.
( 15.4 +-5.1 rag.l-i in children to 18.8 +-2.4 mg'1-1 in adults), or closed (23.3 -L-_ 1.8 mg.l -/ in adults). These markedly higher inspired levels of absolute humidity were attained during forced circulation of respired gas provided by the ReveU circulator without the concomitant disadvantages of rebreathing or the potential hazards associated with some humidifying devices.
Four different charcoals have been assessed by exposure to halothane in air until 10, 100 and 500 p.p.m. (v/v) effluent was detectable. The pattern of halothane adsorption, its practical implications and the behaviour of different adsorbers has been demonstrated. The effluent concentration from a charcoal canister should be not more than 10 p.p.m. during the adsorption of 1.5% halothane from a gas flow of 5 litre/min. When 100 p.p.m. is detectable the charcoal should be considered exhausted.
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