Cloning and characterization of hypusine-containing protein eIF5A from the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Molecular characterization of the autophagy-related gene Beclin-1 from the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

“…Unlike Lys48-linked polyubiquitination [36], which normally targets proteins for degradation by the proteasome, Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains act as scaffolds for the assembly of protein complexes and mediate their activation through proteasome-independent mechanisms [37]. While Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 is crucial for TLR4-triggered autophagy in macrophages, the deubiquitinating enzyme A20 reduces the Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 and limits the induction of autophagy in response to TLR4 signaling [27]. Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with either interferon or interleukin-1 triggers the Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 and the formation of autophagosomes [27].…”

“…While Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 is crucial for TLR4-triggered autophagy in macrophages, the deubiquitinating enzyme A20 reduces the Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 and limits the induction of autophagy in response to TLR4 signaling [27]. Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with either interferon or interleukin-1 triggers the Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 and the formation of autophagosomes [27]. A major site of Lys63-linked ubiquitination in Beclin-1 is a highly conserved lysine residue in the BH3 domain (Lys117 in human Beclin-1 and Lys113 in flounder Beclin-1; Fig.…”

“…Experimental challenge was conducted on 100 fish (approximately 12e15 cm in body length) with a dose of 1 Â 10 6 TCID 50 of VHSV being administered by immersion at 16 C [27]. After infection for 1.5 h, the virus was removed by replacing the water in the tank.…”

Transcriptional analysis of olive flounder lectins in response to VHSV infection

“…The control and challenged fish were injected with 100 μl of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or a VHSV suspension (10 4.8 TCID 50 virus/ fish), respectively (Kong et al, 2009). The temperature to which the experimental fish were subjected was controlled at 15°C using a re-circulation system, without flow and feeding.…”

An immune responsive complement factor D/adipsin and kallikrein-like serine protease (PoDAK) from the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

“…For viral infection, VHSV was isolated from olive flounder farmed in the Republic of Korea and was propagated and titrated in HINAE cells as previously described [28]. Experimental challenges were conducted on 100 fish (approximately 12-15 cm in body length) with a dose of 1 Â10 6 TCID50 VHSV administered by immersion at 16 C. After 1.5 h of infection, the virus was removed by changing the water in the tank.…”